Agzul

Asnerni aneẓlay n tmaziɣt ur yettawi ara iman-is akken ad tuɣal d tutlayt tamazwart n usnulfu d usiweḍ n tmusni tussnant. Tazrawt-a tessekyad tiwtilin i ilaqen akken ad neffeɣ seg usider n tesniremt i d-yettwasnulfan deg tutlayin yesɛan tazmert ɣer tezmert n usnulfu agensan n yinumak. Tesleḍ assaɣen gar ureṭṭal ussnan, usileɣ yettwaḥerzen, usnulfu atalɣan d unamkan, wallus n usbadu akked usnulfu n yisnirmen s teɣbula n tutlayt iman-is. Tarrayt d tasleḍt tasniremt taɣarant i settat n yinumak n tussniwin timdanin—stéréotype, pragmatique, subjectivation, imaginaire, patrimoine symbolique d anamnèse critique—i yettusekyaden s semmus n yisefran: tiseddi tanamkant, tigzi, tazmert n usuddem, arkad gar tantaliwin d usekcem deg yinaw. Igmaḍ skanen belli ulac tarrayt tasniremt ara yessiwḍen iman-is ɣer useggem n umawal ussnan arkad: areṭṭal yesnernay amyafham agraɣlan, ma d asnulfu d wallus n usbadu ssemrasen tiɣbula tigensanin n tutlayt. Ɣef waya, amagrad yesumer aseggem amasag ibedden ɣef usekles asnirem, usenqed n useqdec, yikurpusen d umsefhem gar tsudutin, inadiyen, tizrawin, iselmaden d yifecka umḍinen. Tasniremt tussnant tettban, ihi, mačči d tabdart n wawalen kan, maca d taẓuri n usnulfu n yinumak, n usiweḍ n tmusni d timunent n tmusni.

Awalen isura

tamaziɣt, tasniremt tussnant, asnulfu agensan n yinumak, asnulfu n wawalen, areṭṭal ussnan, aseggem amasag, timunent n tmusni

Tazwart : Seg tutlayt n ccfaya ɣer tutlayt n usnulfu

Ameslay ɣef tesniremt tussnant s tmaziɣt mačči d ameslay ɣef wawalen imaynuten kan. D asteqsi ɣef tegnatin ideg tutlayt i yettwasruḥen azal-is deg umezruy tezmer ad tuɣal d tutlayt n tmusni, n unadi d umyenned n tiktiwin. Aseḥbiber aneẓlay, aseɣred d ubani azayez d isurifen meqqren, maca ur ttḍemminen ara iman-nsen tazmert n usnulfu n taggayin tudrigin. Tutlayt tezmer ad tettwaqbel deg uẓeṭṭa n yizerfan, ad tettwasekcem deg tsudutin, maca ad teqqim tettkel ɣef tutlayin-nniḍen mi ara d-yili usumer n turda, asbadu n tarrayt neɣ lebni n wudem aẓrayan.

Takalit-a mačči d lixṣa deg tmaziɣt. D agemmuḍ n umezruy anmetti i tt-yeǧǧan, s yiseggasen, berra n uɣerbaz, tedbelt, tira, tesdawit d yifecka umḍinen. Tutlayt i yettwakkesen seg yigran ussnanen ur txuṣṣ ara s teɣbula tasnalɣanin neɣ tidnamkanin; txuṣṣ s tegnatin n useqdec, n umyenned d useggem. Tasniremt d yiwen seg yigran ideg teɣbula-a ttnernin yerna ttbanent.

Ugur yettwasenfal aṭas s usentel: ad nreḍḍel awalen ussinen seg tutlayin yesɛan tazmert neɣ ad nesnulfu igdazalen s tmaziɣt? Tamukrist-a teshel i tsertit, maca ur tesɛi ara iman-is tiseddi tussnant. Yal tutlayt tussnant treṭṭel; ula d tesniremt n tutlayin n Turuft teččur s yireṭṭalen seg tagrigt, talaṭinit, taɛrabt d yiseḍfaren igraɣlanen. Seg tama-nniḍen, awal i d-yettwasnulfan s teɣbula tigensanin ur yelli ara, s talɣa-s kan, d awal afrawan, ameɣrud neɣ yettwaseqdacen. Aɣbalu n wawal ur d-yefki ara iman-is tiseddi neɣ tazmert n unamek. Ihi, asteqsi ameɣrud mačči d « areṭṭal neɣ asnulfu? », maca d: anta tifrat ara yeǧǧen anamek ad yettwabnu, ad yettwazelmed yerna ad yettwamyenned deg uẓeṭṭa anamkan yemṣadan?

Turda-nneɣ d akken tasniremt tussnant tazmert s tmaziɣt ilaq ad tesdukkel kraḍ n yisura: aẓar deg teɣbula n tutlayt, tigzi sɣur yimdanen-is yemgaraden, akked umyassa d tussna tagraɣlant. Aya ur yeǧǧ ara, seg yiwet n tama, tazdeg tawalant ara yerren areṭṭal d ugur, neɣ, seg tama-nniḍen, areṭṭal awurman. Yessefk, daɣen, ad nebḍu gar usumer n wawal d useggem-is: asnulfu n talɣa d tigawt n umeskar; akken ad tuɣal d awal n temsalt, tesra tabadut, ikurpusen, isekyaden n useqdec, tisudutin d tarrayin n wallus n usenqed.

Amagrad-a yesɛa kraḍ n yiswan. Deg tazwara, yesbadu assaɣ gar tesniremt, usnulfu n yinumak d useggem. Sakin, yesleḍ agraw awezlan n yisumar akken ad d-yessken amek kra n tarrayin—areṭṭal yettwaselɣen, usileɣ, asiẓi anamkan d tefyirt tasbadu—ttbeddilent wudem n usegzi n unamek. Deg taggara, yesumer aseggem amasag i izemren ad yesdukkel tayunt i tesra tussna akked tsertit n tmaziɣt i yellan d tamasagt. Iswi mačči d asnulfu n umawal alugan yefruri, maca d asbadu n yisefran d tarrayin s wayes tutlayt n ccfaya tezmer ad tuɣal d tutlayt n usnulfu.

1. Tasniremt: seg wawal iman-is ɣer unagraw anamkan

Tasniremt mačči d tabdart n sin n yilsawen. Tasuqilt tawalant tettnadi aṭas ɣef ugdazal gar wawal aɣbalu d talɣa n tutlayt tanicant; amahil asnirem, netta, ileqqem assaɣen gar yinumak. Awal am « subjectivation », s umedya, yesra ad d-nesbadu assaɣen gar sujet, iman, tamagit, tigawt, asiweḍ, tazmert d uqbal. Talɣa tamaziɣt twulem kan ma tezmer ad tekcem deg twacult-a n yinumak, ad d-tesnulfu isuddimen yerna ad tettwaseqdec deg usbadu am deg uẓray.

Amgired-a yemṣada akked tṛadit n tesniremt tamatut i yettwalin awal asnirem d tayunt tasnilsant n unamek yettusbadu deg yiwet n taɣult (Wüster, 1979; Rey, 1979; Sager, 1990). Maca tarrayt-a ilaq ad tettwasbeddel i tutlayin i yettwasruḥen azal-is. Deg umkan ideg aseqdec ussnan d amaynut, yebḍa yerna d asnilsan, inumak ur tteddun ara kan gar taɣulin: teddun daɣen s tefransist, taɛrabt d taglizit, yal yiwet s tṛadit-is n tsuqilt. Tasniremt tamaziɣt ilaq, ihi, ad teseddu deg yiwet n tikkelt tiseddi n taɣult, amgired asnilsan d umyawaḍ gar tutlayin.

Awal ussnan yesɛa ma drus kuẓ n tmeẓriyin: yeskanay-d tabadut; yettidir deg twacult n yinumak; yesɛa talɣa i izemren ad tettwasemres neɣ ad tettwasuddem; yerna yettban-d deg yiḍrisen. Tameẓri tameggarut tettwattu aṭas. Talɣa icebḥen deg umawal tezmer ad tuɣal d tameslayt taẓayant neɣ tesɛa sin n yinumak deg umagrad. Seg tama-nniḍen, tafyirt ɣezzifen i d-yettwaseknen am tasbadu tezmer ad tili d allal yelhan deg uselmed mi ara d-yili umezwaru n unamek, uqbel ad tettwaseggem talɣa tawezlant. Ihi, tewzel n tira ur tezmir ara ad tuɣal d asefran amezwaru n tiseddi.

Asnulfu agensan n yinumak ur yenni ara belli anamek ilaq ad yettwaḥbes deg kra n tgemmi tadelsant tamaziɣt. Tussna d amseḍfer d umyawaḍ n yilsawen. Asnulfu agensan d tazmert n tutlayt ad tɛawed ad tesleḍ anamek s teɣbula-s tidnamkanin, tumnayin-is d tesnalɣa-s, akken ad yuɣal anamek d aferdis i yezmer ad yettwasekyed yerna ad d-yefk isuddimen. Tutlayt tettbennu anamek mi ur teqqim ara kan d abaraz i usiweḍ n yisem aberrani, maca mi tɛawed ad tesuddes assaɣen n unamek i ilaqen i usiweḍ-is.

Amahili-a yessekcem ayen i nezmer ad nessemmi, s leḥder, timunent n tmusni. Mačči d tuzzma tawalant, mačči daɣen d agi n tussna tagraɣlant. Tutlayt tesɛa tigawt n tmusni mi tezmer ad tesnulfu, ad tenned yerna ad tessiwel inumak war ma tettkel akk ɣef tjerrumt d umawal n tutlayt-nniḍen. Imyawaḍ gar tutlayin yettuɣal, akka, d amyawaḍ gar tezmirin n usenfal, mačči d beṭṭu gar tutlayt i d-yessnulfun d tutlayt i d-ireṭṭlen kan.

I tmaziɣt, ugur-a yesɛa daɣen azal azamulan. Tutlayt tettwasen aṭas s usiweḍ n twacult, timawit, agerruj, ccfaya d tmagit. Twuriwin-a ur ilaq ara ad ttwasruḥent azal; d yiwet n teɣbalt n tazmert-is deg umezruy. Maca asnerni-nsent yezmer ad yuɣal d abḍil amaynut ma yerr tutlayt kan ɣer wayen yettwaḥerzen, mačči ɣer wayen yettwabnan. Tasniremt tussnant tbeddel tilist-a: tettarra tutlayt mačči d akaram n wayen iɛeddan kan, maca d amkan ideg d-ttilin isteqsiyen d unadi.

2. Tarrayt n tesleḍt d yisefran n uqbal

Tazrawt d taɣarant yerna d tin n unadi amezwaru. Ammas n tesleḍt yesɛa settat n yinumak yettwasqedcen deg tussniwin n tutlayt d tussniwin timdanin: stéréotype, pragmatique, subjectivation, imaginaire, patrimoine symbolique d anamnèse critique. Ttwafernen acku sɛan iswiren yemgaraden n teknik yerna ssemrasen waṭas n teɣbula: tumnayt, asuddem, asdukkel, asiẓi anamkan d tefyirt tasbadu. Akurpus n tesleḍt mačči d akurpus amḍan n useqdec; d agraw yettwafernen s tmuɣli akken ad yettusekyed wudem n umahil. Ihi, tifratin ara d-ibanen ddaw-a d turdiwin tasniremt ara yettusekden, mačči d tiɣtas aluganin.

Yal asumer yettwasenqad s semmus n yisefran. Tiseddi tanamkant teskatay ma talɣa teskanay-d anamek deg taɣult-is. Tigzi teskatay ma yezmer umeɣri ad yegzu asumer war tamusni ilaqen n tutlayt taɣbalut. Tazmert n usuddem teskatay ma awal yezmer ad d-yefk isuddimen neɣ ad yekcem deg twacult tawalant. Arkad gar tantaliwin yettusekyad ilmend n tezmert n wawal ad yeddu ugar n yiwet n tantala. Deg taggara, asekcem deg yinaw yettusekyad ma talɣa tetteddu deg tabadut, agzul, aẓray d tegnit n uselmed. Ɣer waya, yessefk ad nernu tawtilt tanmettit: ulac awal ara yettwaseggmen uqbel ad yettwasenqed s yimsiwal, imusnawen n taɣult d yikurpusen n tilawt.

Tarrayt tebḍa gar semmus n tarrayin. Areṭṭal yettwaselɣen iseddu awal agraɣlan akked tmeslayt, tira d tesnalɣa n tmaziɣt. Usileɣ yettwaḥerzen iɛawed ad yebnu taseddast tanamkant taberranit ma teqqim tettemṣada akked tutlayt. Asnulfu atalɣan yesnulfu tayunt s tarrayin tigensanin. Asnulfu anamkan yessiẓi anamek n wawal yettwasnen. Tafyirt tasbadu, nettat, tessegzi iferdisen n unamek s usdukkel n wawalen. Tarrayin-a ur llint ara d amizzwer alugan. Yiwen n unamek yezmer ad yesru tafyirt deg uselmed, awal awezlan deg umagrad ussnan, d ugdazal agraɣlan gar yiccer deg tikkelt tamezwarut.

Tamuɣli-a tessefk daɣen ad nebḍu gar kraḍ n yiswiren i yettwaẓrayen aṭas: afran n unamek d tabadut-is; asekkil neɣ aseggem n talɣa tasnilsant; d teɣtas tasudut ɣef talɣa yettwasumren, tantaliwin yettwaqbalen d yigran n useqdec. Beṭṭu-a, i d-yetteddun seg yimudam n Haugen (1983) ɣef useggem n tutlayt, yeskanay-d acuɣer asumer n yiwen umeskar, xas yelhan, ur yuɣal ara s lemɣawla d lqanun. Lqanun yesra aqbal, aselɣu n twuri d yifecka n umsefhem.

Tafelwit 1. Tazmilt n tesleḍt n tifratin tasniremt

Aɣbalu: asumer n yimeskaren s usemres n Rey (1979), Sager (1990), Haugen (1983) d Chaker (1998).

3. Seg ureṭṭal ɣer wallus n usbadu: settat n tezrawin n tegnit

Deg « stéréotype », areṭṭal stereotip yeskanay-d amgired gar usenqed agraɣlan d tigzi tanamkant. Yettwafham s lemɣawla sɣur imeɣriyen i yessnen tafransist neɣ taglizit; yezmer, ihi, ad yili d allal yelhan deg umagrad n yimazzagen neɣ deg umatar anawlan. Maca yezmer ad yeqqim d uzzig i wiyaḍ. Asumer tugna yettwaseqqnen—s unamek ilugan « tugna i yettwaqnen neɣ i yettwaḥebsen »—yesbanay-d tikti n tiseqqent d wallus. Yettarra awal d tabadut tameẓyant. Tazmert-is, maca, d tilist-is: ilmend n taɣult, stéréotype mačči d tugna i yeḥbes kan, maca d tamuɣli tanmettit yettwabḍan, yettsemmiṭen yerna izemren ad tettwaseqdec am awurman deg yinaw. Ihi, asumer-a ilaq ad yeddu d tabadut yerna ad yettwasenqed akked talɣiwin-nniḍen. D turda tanamkant i yesɛan aẓar, mačči d ugdazal i yefruri i lebda.

I « pragmatique », pragmatika teḥrez assaɣ d tesniremt tagraɣlant yerna teshel i unadi deg yidlisen. Maca ur d-tessegzi ara ma d taɣult tasnilsant, d tamuɣli tafelsafit neɣ d unamek n « tigawt » n yal ass. Tafyirt tasleḍt n usiwel deg tegnit n taywalt—tasleḍt n usiwel deg tegnit n umyawaḍ—tesɛa azal aselmadan: tesbanay-d tazrawt n tutlayt deg usatal-is. Maca tezmer ad tessemẓi taɣult ma terza kan asiweḍ d tegnit n taywalt, acku pragmatique tekcem ula deg tigawin n wawal, inference, implicature, deixis d leɛwayed n leḥmala. Tifrat yelhan, tura, tezmer ad tili d tazrirt: awal awezlan i usenqed n taɣult, tafyirt tasbadu deg tikkelt tamezwarut, sakin anadi ɣef talɣa wessiɛen.

« Subjectivation » tesɛa ugur-nniḍen. Ur teskanay ara kan sujet, maca akala amezruyan, anawalan neɣ asertan s wayes amdan yettuɣal d sujet deg unagraw n tazmert d uqbal. Asumer asbedded n yiman, i nezmer ad nefhem am « asbedd n yiman » neɣ « lebni n yiman », yesɛa tazmert tumnayt meqqren. Yeskanay-d emergence, ibeddi d usnulfu n taɣect. Maca tazmert-a ur teḍmin ara iman-is agdazal: tumnayt tezmer ad terr azal i timunent, ma d kra n teẓriyin ssemrasent aṭas assaɣ d usḥer. Ihi, akaram asnirem ilaq ad yebḍu gar yinumak afelsafi, asnilsan d unmetti, yerna ad yesenqed ma talɣa tezmer ad d-tefk isuddimen yemṣadan i « subjectiver », « sujet » d « processus de subjectivation ».

I « imaginaire », imaginairen yeḥrez asenqed n wawal aɣbalu, maca yessekcem daɣen tugdiwin-is. Tugniwin, i d-yekkan seg tugna d tmuɣli n tira, yekcem ugar deg umawal amaziɣ yerna yezmer ad yili yelhan deg « imaginaires de crise ». Maca yezmer ad yessexleḍ tugniwin iman-nsent d unagraw yettwasudsen n yimektiyen, tiḥkayin d yisekkilen i yebnan agraw. Aseɣti seg ugbur i d-yettbanen ɣer unamek amatu yezmer ad yili s usnulfu anamkan, maca ilaq ad yettwasenqed deg useqdec. Amedya-a yesselmad-d belli tasuqilt i yesɛan aẓar mačči d tugna icebḥen kan: ilaq ad tawi tazmert aẓrayant n unamek.

« Patrimoine symbolique » yezmer ad yettwasdukkel s ayla azamulan. Ayla teskanay-d ayen i d-yettwarǧan neɣ i yettwaḍefren, ma azamul yeskanay-d tazmert n yisem d uzamul. Taseddast-a tessefk ad nefhem agerruj am agraw n yisuraf yettawin anamek, mačči d tabdart n tɣawsiwin kan. Tesɛa daɣen tazmert ad d-tesnulfu tawacult tawalant ɣef usiweḍ, ayla tagrawant d wazal azamulan. Maca asenqed-is ilaq ad d-yefk tilisa n ayla: ma d ayla s unamek n lqanun, d agerruj adelsan neɣ d taɣbalt tagrawant? Tiririt tettemgared ilmend n taɣult, yerna tezmer ad tesireg waṭas n talɣiwin s tecraḍ.

Deg taggara, « anamnèse critique » tesdukkel ccfaya d tigawt n uxemmem. Usmektay s tmussni—am « ccfaya s tmussni neɣ s usemres n tmussni »—yesbanay-d amahil n ccfaya, mačči kan tuɣalin n wwayen iɛeddan. Asumer yelhan i tesleḍt i yessemsawin ccfaya i d-yettuɣalen kan d ccfaya i yettwasteqsan. Maca yeqqim d tafyirt tafsirt. Deg yidlisen n tfelsafit neɣ n tesnalest n yiman, anamnèse tesɛa imezruyen n unamek i ilaq ad yettwaseklesen. Tifrat-a teskanay-d azal n usnulfu agensan, ma ur nseffeḍ ara waṭas n yinumak n wawal aɣbalu.

Tafelwit 2. Addad amezwaru n settat n yisumar

Aɣbalu: tasleḍt n yimeskaren. Talɣiwin-a d isumar ara yettusekden, mačči d lqanun yefrurin.

4. Aseggem war aserwes: ɣer lebni amasag

Tizrawin n tegnit skanent-d taggrayt tarrayant: tiseddi tasnilsant n usumer tesra, maca ur teqḍi ara. Awal ussnan yettarkad mi ara yettusbadu, yettwasemres, yettumyenned, yettwaselmed yerna yettwales useɣti-s. Ihi, aseggem ur ilaq ara ad yebdu s lḥukm ɣef wawal; ilaq ad yesuddes amuddu n yisumar yerna ad yerr tiseddi n yisefran d tin i yezmer yal yiwen ad yesenqed. Dagi i yezmer yimudam amasag i yettwasqedcen deg useggem n tmaziɣt ad ttwasmersen deg tesniremt.

Tamaziɣt ur tesɛi ara yiwen n wammas. Tisudutin n Lmeɣrib d Lezzayer, tisdawanin, tiddukliwin, iẓeḍwan n Libya d Tunes, timettiyin n temnaḍin d berra n tmurt ur sɛin ara yiwet n teɣbalt neɣ yiwet n tṛadit n tira. Aseggem agraɣlan i d-yekkan seg wammas yesɛan aṭas n yifecka yezmer ad yerr tazmert tasudut d lḥeqq asnilsan amatu. Seg tama-nniḍen, imawalen n yal tamnaḍt war imyassa zemren ad d-snulfun igdazalen yemgaraden yerna ad kksen amuddu n tmusni. Aseggem amasag yesumer abrid-nniḍen: waṭas n yimmasen ilaqen, maca ttwasdukklen s yiwen n uneggaf n usekles d ugdazal (Clyne, 1992).

Aswir amezwaru n lebni-a d akaram asnirem. Yal tansa ilaq ad tesɛu anamek, taɣult, tabadut, igdazalen s tefransist, taɛrabt d taglizit, talɣiwin timaziɣin yettwasumren, beṭṭu tasnalɣant, tantaliwin d tira yemgaraden, imedyaten deg yinaw, isuddimen i izemren ad d-ilin, tiɣbula d waddad n usenqed. Tacreḍt ilaq ad tebḍu gar asumer, talɣa n usekyed, awal yettwasumer d wawal i yerkaḍ s useqdec. Akka, asnulfu n yiwen umeskar ur yettwasken ara am lqanun yefruri.

Aswir wis sin d usenqed amasag. Isgranen i yesdukklen imusnilsen, imusnawen n taɣult, imsuqlen, iselmaden, imẓrigen d yimsiwal ilaq ad senqden tansiwin s yikurpusen. Tiɣtas ilaq ad ttuseklesent s yileqman yerna ad zemrent ad ttubeddlent. Ma talɣa tǧehd deg yiwet n temnaḍt maca ur tewsiɛ ara deg wayeḍ, tezmer ad teqqim s tacreḍt, mačči ad tettwakkes. D amyassa i yesɛan azal ugar n usemsawi atalɣan: imeɣriyen ilaq ad izmiren ad senqden igdazalen, ad nadin yerna ad ddun seg wammas ɣer wayeḍ.

Aswir wis kraḍ d usekyed deg yinaw. Tizrawin d yisfuyla zemren ad sutren tabadut n yal awal amaynut deg tikkelt tamezwarut, yerna, deg lawan n ubeddel, ad rnun agdazal-is agraɣlan. Ikurpusen yettwasmel zemren sakin ad d-fken talɣa n tuget n useqdec, arkad n unamek d wawalen i d-yetteddun yid-s. Lqanun n uɣerbaz, lqanun n tesdawit d tutlayt n usegzi i yimdanen ur srin ara yal yiwen yiwen n usemẓi. Tafyirt tasbadu tezmer ad teqqim deg uselmed, ma awal awezlan ad yeddu gar yimazzagen, ma d assaɣ gar-asen yessefk ad yettwasegzi.

Aswir wis ukkuẓ d tira d umḍin. Tasniremt ur tezmir ara ad tettwabḍu seg yinagrawen n tira, maca ur ilaq ara daɣen ad tettuɣal d asefran n « imenɣi n yisekilen ». Awal yezmer ad yettwaru s tlaṭinit yettwaselɣen, tifinaɣ neɣ, ma yesra useqdec, s tira taɛrabt yettwaselɣen. Tifelwin n ubeddel yettwasekelsen, imataren irkaden d yikurpusen imeskanen zemren ad ḥerzen yiwet n tansa leksik s waṭas n yisekilen. Ihi, abeddel n tira ur ilaq ara ad yettwafhem d abeddel n wawal.

Deg taggara, amudam-a yesra tasertit n ubeggen. Awalen ilaq ad ttusekden s imeɣriyen yesɛan imukan yemgaraden: imsiwal imezwura neɣ inelmaden, imeɣriyen n tesdawit neɣ imusnawen, yimdanen seg temnaḍin yemgaraden. Tisastanin zemrent ad senqdet tigzi tamezwarut, ccfaya, aqbal d tezmert ad yesseqdec umdan talɣa deg tefyirt. Ikurpusen zemren ad senqden tazmert n usuddem d urkad. War isefka-a, asiwel ɣer « tazdeg » n tutlayt neɣ ɣer « tafrawant » n usnulfu yeqqim d turda n umeskar.

5. Ameslay — Tiwtilin n timunent n tmusni i izemren ad tettwaseqdec

Asnulfu agensan n yinumak yezmer ad yesnerni timunent n tmusni ma yebɛed ɣef snat n tugdiwin i d-yettbanen am yinemgalen. Tamezwarut tessemsawi tazdeg tagsent d tkelit taberranit. Maca areṭṭal yezmer ad yili yettwaselɣen akken iwata yerna yelhan i tussna, ma d awal agensan yezmer ad yili yeɣlaq. Tis snat tessemsawi tayunt d usemẓi n tantaliwin. Tasniremt tamesdukkelt ur tesri ara ad tekkes amgired; tesra ad t-sekles, ad t-tesdukkel s twuri d ubeddel gar talɣiwin.

Tamuɣli-a tessireg ad nɛawed ad nerr azal i usnerni n tutlayt. Tutlayt ur tettuɣal ara d tussnant s lqanun neɣ s waṭas n wawalen imaynuten. Tettuɣal d tussnant mi ara yezmer unelmad ad yeɣer kra n yimagraden war ma iɛawed ad ilemmed amawal deg yal asebter; mi ara yesɛu uselmad tibadutin d yimedyaten irkaden; mi ara yezmer unadi ad d-yessefhem ansi d-yekka wawal d wamek i yettwafren; mi ara yissin umsedday n unadi tantaliwin d tira yemgaraden; mi ara yizmir umaru ad yebnu aẓray war ma yuɣal yal tikkelt ɣer tutlayt-nniḍen.

Tugdi n waṭṭaf n wawal am tazamul n tmagit ilaq ad tettwasenqed. Ma nenna yal awal agensan yugar acku d « amaziɣ », ad nerr tasniremt d imteḥan n tmagit. Tussna s tmaziɣt ilaq ad teldi ɣer umyawaḍ, tiɣbula d umsemres agraɣlan. Iswi mačči d tuffra n umezruy aberrani n yinumak, maca d tiririt n usemres-nsen d tigawt. Aṭṭaf n wawal agraɣlan yezmer ad yili yelhan ma tiseddi d umyassa srin-t; tamlilt n umasnirem, akka, d asileɣ-is, asbadu-s d useqdec-is.

Tugdi tanemgalt d tugna n tussna i d-yettak ureṭṭal. Talɣa i iqerben ɣer tefransist neɣ taglizit tezmer ad tettban am awal n yimazzagen, maca ad teqqim ur tettwafham ara. Tezmer ad tesnulfu agraw ussnan yebḍan ɣef yimsiwal n tutlayt. Asemmad n sin n yismawen—talɣa tamaziɣt i yesɛan aẓar d ugdazal agraɣlan—yezmer ad yili d asaka yelhan deg lawan n ubeddel. Yessireg i umeɣri ad yelmed anamek, ad t-yaf deg yidlisen, yerna ad iwali anta talɣa ara yerked s useqdec.

Tilisa n tezrawt-a ttbant. Anagar settat n yinumak i yettwasekden, tuget-nsen seg tussniwin timdanin. Isumar ur ɛeddin ara ɣef tesastant n uqbal neɣ tasleḍt tamḍant n yikurpusen. Kra n yiglos i yellan d ilugan srin asenqed ugar n tantaliwin d tesnalɣa. Deg taggara, ugur n tira yettwasenqed kan ilmend n umyassa. Anadi i d-iteddun yessefk ad yesemgired taɣulin ugar n teknik, ad yesekles tantaliwin n temnaḍin yerna ad yesenqed awalen deg tegnatin n uselmed d tira n tilawt.

Tilisa-a ur kksent ara azal n umudam i d-yettwasumren; ttakent-as addad-is. Mačči d tabdart n lqanun yewjden i useqdec, maca d tarrayt s wayes turdiwin tawalanin zemrent ad ttubeddlent d tiɣawsiwin tussnanin i izemren ad ttumyennedent. Abeddel-a d agejdan: yesenfel tasniremt seg usiwel n tmagit ɣer lebni n teɣbalt n unadi.

Taggrayt

Aseḥbiber ɣef tmaziɣt ur yezmir ara ad yeqqim deg uqbal aneẓlay, aseɣred neɣ ubani azayez. Yesra tazmert ad nesbadu, ad nesdukkel yerna ad nemyenned inumak deg tutlayt iman-is. Tasniremt tussnant tettak afus i tezmer-a ma ur tettwarr ara d asnulfu arurad n yigdazalen.

Tasleḍt n settat n yinumak teskan-d belli areṭṭal, asnulfu n wawalen, usileɣ d tefyirt tasbadu mačči d tifratin ara yeddun mgal yiwet ɣef tayeḍ; d ifecka ara yettwasenqden ilmend n unamek, imeɣri d wanaw n yinaw. Asnulfu agensan yelhan mi ara yerr anamek ifehhem yerna yesɛa tazmert n usuddem, war ma iseffeḍ iḥulfan aẓrayanen. Areṭṭal yeqqim d afus ma yesnernay tiseddi d umyafham, maca ilaq ad yettusbadu yerna ad yettwasekcem, mačči ad yettwaru kan.

Abeddel seg usumer ɣer tesniremt tarkadt yesra tadbelt tamasagt: ikaramen yettwasneflen, ikurpusen, isekyaden n useqdec, tantaliwin s tecraḍ, amsefhem gar yiɣbula d ubeddel gar yisekilen. Aseggem mačči d asemsawi n tmeslayin neɣ lḥukm n yiwen n wammas. D tiririt n yinumak d wid ara yettwabḍun, n tiɣtas d tid ara yettwaḍefren, d useɣti ara yeqqimen yeldi.

Tamaziɣt ur tettwaḥettem ara ad teqqim d tutlayt i ɣef nettmeslay kan mi ara d-nebder ccfaya, tamagit neɣ agerruj. Tezmer ad tuɣal d tutlayt ideg nettbennu tiɣawsiwin n unadi yerna nettmeslay ɣef taggayin n tmusni. Deg tegnit-a, tasniremt ur tesnerni ara amawal kan: tettbeddel tutlayt i yettwaseḥbbaren d tutlayt i d-yessnulfun axemmem.