Agzul
Amezruy n tmettiyin timaziɣin, ladɣa tin n tmurt n Lezzayer, yeqqen s waṭas ɣer timawit imi tira tella tettwaseqdac sɣur yimharsanen yeṭṭfen tirakalin lawan-nni, zgan ttarun s tutlayin-nsen neɣ s tidak yellan mucaɛen deg tsuta-nni, ihi imaziɣen akken ad seḥbibren ɣef ccfawat n tudert-nsen d umezruy-nsen, rran ɣer ttawil n timawit, daymi ay ddrent ccafawat-nni ɣer yal tasut akked tid i d-yusan deffir.
Ugur d amek ara d-nerr amezruy n tedyanin, neɣ tidyanin n yigelliden akka am Firmus, Yugariten d Kusayla ɣer yilsawen n yimdanen, d wamek i ttefrent tenfaliyin i semrasen yal ass (am « afernas » neɣ « abxis ») tidyanin meqqren i yeḍran deg wakud aqbur.
Tanekra n umezruy seg timawit d yiwet n temsalt tussnant isɛan azal meqqren iwakken ad negzu amek i ttidirent ccfawat deg wallaɣ n ugdud, akked wamek i leḥḥunt seg tsuta ɣer tayeḍ war ma yella yejla unamek i frent.
Iswiyen igejdanen n unadi-a d askan n wassaɣ iressan gar umezruy d tenfaliyin timawiyin. Ad neɛreḍ ad d-nesken tameslayt n yal ass mačči d ayen yellan kan deg rrif neɣ ur nesɛi ara azal, maca d akufi n umezruy i yeffren gar wawalen timsal meqqren. Iswi-nniḍen d asebded n tarrayt ara iḥerzen tutlayt tamaziɣt d tmagit-is s usemres n tinfaliyin-a am wakken d later (trace) neɣ d anagi n umezruy i mazal yeddren.
Deg unadi-a, neḍfer tarrayt n usenqed d ussegzi n umezruy i d-jerrden yimazrayen (am Gsell, Camps, Chaker), rnu ɣer-s tasleḍt n yisegzawalen (am win n Dallet). Nesserwes gar kraḍet n tedyanin timazrayin tigejdanin yeḍran deg umezruy aqbur (Firmus i yennuɣen mgal Irumanen, Yugariten d leɣder i as-d-yekkan ɣer Buxus, Kusayla d usimes-is sɣur Ɛuqba) d wamek i d-segrant tenfaliyin timawiyin deg tutlayt n teqbaylit n wass-a (neɣ amek i d-ttbanent tedyanin-a timazrayin deg tenfaliyin timawiyin n yal ass). Nwala amek i yettwaɛqal unamek n tenfalit s tmuɣli ɣer unamek n umezruy, d wassaɣ ur nettruḥu, imi s tenfalit i d-nessenṭaq amezruy iɛeddan s tedyanin-is.
Igmaḍ n unadi-a skanayen-d dakken tinfaliyin-a gant aẓar deg tmetti taqbaylit : deg tenfalit tamzwarut, ad tt-naf d tin i d-yeqqimen d azamul s ssifa n luɛara, tabɣest akked umennuɣ mgal yal acengu, tanfalit tis snat tcudd srid ɣer leɣder i d-iḍerrun gar yigelliden, annect-a yeǧǧa tisutwin ad ddment azal-a n leɣder d usras-is ɣef tedyanin yecban tiyi, acku d ayen i d-yessegrayen ccwami neɣ rregmat i win i tent-igan, yettuɣal ur yesɛi azal, imi yebna-tt ɣef leɣder. Ma yella deg tigawt tis kraḍet, tessegra-d tanfalit ara yilin d azamul n ttar d nnif deg tmetti, yal amdan ara tt-yesmersen, yemmal-d ttar ara d-yerzun d ulaqrar, akken yebɣu iḍul, maca ad d-yaweḍ lawan ideg ara d-yeḥder.
S wannect-a, nufa-d dakken timawit d allal n useḥbiber ɣef umezruy d tutlayt, imi tella d « tanedlist yeddren » i d-yettawin izen n tsutwin tiqburin ɣer tid n tura, war ma yejla unamek iɣef bɣant ad d-awint, s wazal n uḥerrez n tmagit tamaziɣt s ttawil n tmenna.
Awalen-isura
Aseḥbiber, igelliden imaziɣen, tadyant n umezruy, tanfalit timawit
Tazwert
Ayen yettaṭṭafen amezruy n yal tamurt d imussnawen, mi ara ressin tidyanin yeḍran deg wakud ; ama d tid ibeɛden neɣ d tidak iqerben, s tira-nsent iwakken ur jellunt ara, ad yeqqim later n wayen akk terfed tmetti deg lawan-nni ideg teḍra tedyant-nni, ladɣa annect-nni ad yessiweḍ ad d-yessenɛet azal-nsent seg waṭas n yidisan, ula d amazray Aron (1986 :199) yessenɛet-d belli iwakken ad neglem tadyant seg umezruy, ilaq ad nissin timental akked inefkan i yezwaren tadyant-nni, s wannect-a ara nelḥeq ad d-nekkes tamentilt tagejdant i yeǧǧan tadyant-nni ad teḍru.
Maca deg kra n tmettiyin, ḍerrun-d kra n wuguren imi ur sɛin ara later n tedyanin yeḍran deg umezruy-nsen, acku ugur amezwaru, ur sɛin ara tira, neɣ ahat llant tmettiyin-a seddaw n ucengu amharsan, dayen i ten-yettaǧǧan ur zemmren ara ad tent-arun deg tegnit-a yakan, ad naf d imharsanen-nni i ijerden tidyanin akken i tent-walan, war ma yella ssawḍen ad segzin azal n tedyanin-nni, imi tamuɣli ɣer tɣawsiwin am tiyi, temgarad seg tmetti ɣer tayeḍ. Ma yella neddem-d amedya n tmurt n Lezzayer, ladɣa tamnaḍt n Leqbayel, ad d-naf amedya-a d win ara yersen ɣef tmetti-a, imi deg lawan-nni n yiseggasen 1830 d asawen, d irumiyen i yuran tidyanin yeḍran deg umezruy akken i tent-walan s tmuɣli-nsen lawan-nni, ladɣa ɣef ccɣel-a yakan, Simiand d win i d-yennan dakken ddeqs n yimussnwen i ixedmen asenqed i tarrayt n yirumiyen, imi gelmen-d tadyant akken ttwalan, akken i d-teḍra imiren, war ma yella rran lwelha-nsen ɣer tmental tiḥeqqaynin i yeǧǧan tadyant tamazrayt ad teḍru akken i d-yedda ɣer Revel (2007 : 101-105) i d-yekkes seg Simiand (1903).
Akken daɣen, tella tegnit anda ulac tira, akka am tedyanin yeḍran deg umezruy aqbur, n tegnit talemmast neɣ n tedyanin timiranin akken i tent-yebḍa (Braudel : 1949). Deg tmurt n Lezzayer, ad tt-naf d Irumanen neɣ d Igrigiyen i tent-yuran deg yidlisen-nsen, maca tamnaḍt akked tmetti, qqnent ɣer trakalt n Lezzayer, ɣas ulamma deg lawan-nni ur tettwasemmi ara s yisem-a n Lezzayer.
Ma yella d tarrayt-nniḍen, ad tt-naf d tin yeqqnen ɣer tkatut (ccfawat) n tmetti, imi yal tasuta tettak-itt i tayeḍ, ulamma d tasut-nni taneggarut ara tt-id-yalsen, ad tafeḍ teṭṭef amezruy n tadyant-nni, tikwal tettuɣal tkeččem ula deg wansayen. Rnu ɣer waya, tutlayt s wayes i d-ttalsen ur tettruḥu ara, imi tettɣama dima teqqen srid ɣer tedyant tamazrayt.
Daymi, tikwal deg tmetti tazzayrit, ladɣa ɣer yimaziɣen (tamnaḍt n Leqbayel), nettaf kra n tenfaliyin timawiyin i d-yettuɣalen deg yiles n wid yettmeslayen, mi ara d-teḍru akka tedyant, ad smersen akka kra n tenfaliyin am wakken d ssifa-nni n tedyant yeḍran deg umezruy i d-yuɣalen s wudem-nniḍen deg tallit ideg nettidir, amedya akka am tenfalit : “ixdem deg-sen afernas”. Deg talɣa tettban-d am wakken d tanfalit yellan tserreḥ, d tutlayt n yal ass, zemren ad tt-smersen akk yimdanen mi ara d-yili umeslay gar-asen, maca deg tilawt, tanfalit-a teffer daxel-is tadyant meqqren yeḍran deg umezruy, tettawi-tt tsuta ɣer tayeḍ, war ma yella rran ddhen-nsen dakken qejmen-d seg ukufi n umezruy, akken i tt-yettwali Mammeri (1991) d Chaker (1995), d timawit i iḥerzen tutlayt akked wayen i d-icudden ɣer wayen yeḍran deg umezruy, akken daɣen tettili d azamul ɣef useḥbiber n tmetti tamaziɣt.
Ula d nekkni nettwali aya deg tenfaliyin timawiyin, d ẓẓerb ɣef jellu n tutlayt akked umezruy yeqqnen ɣur-s. Imi aḥraz s tutlayt yessaweḍ-d tadyant akken tella war ma yella ddan-d yijufar n tedyant-nni yeḍran deg umezruy.
Daymi ara neɛreḍ ad neg tasleḍt i kraḍet n tenfaliyin timawiyin i d-negmer deg tmetti tamaziɣt (taqbaylit), imi d tidak yellan uzlent deg tutlayt n yal ass ɣer yimdanen (d tid ara d-nebder igessar-a), s uskan n unamek-nsent d wazal sɛant deg useḥbiber ɣef tutlayt akked umezruy.
Ihi deg umagrad-a, ad neɛreḍ ad d-nesɛen tinfaliyin-a irefden azal n tedyanin timazrayin. S wudem-nniḍen, amek i tent-semrasen yimdanen deg tmenna-nsen, war ma yella gan assaɣ gar tedyanin yeḍran deg umezruy akked tenfalit i semrasen deg tudert n yal ass ? D acu i d azal-nsent ɣef useḥbiber n umezruy yeqqnen ɣer tmurt n Lezzayer, ladɣa tamnaḍt n Tmazɣa (tamnaḍt n Leqbayel) ? Tinfaliyin i d-yettwabdaren ttefrent azal meqqren deg unamek icudden d umezruy n Tefriqt n Ugafa, daymi ara nẓer amek i d-ttuɣalent seg yimi n yimdanen, d wamek i tent-id-sekfalent, war ma yella rran lwelha-nsen ɣer wazal ddment ? Akked wamek i seḥbibirent tenfaliyin-a ɣef tutlayt tamaziɣt ? Imi ahat tinfaliyin-a yezmer merrint-d seg tsuta i as-iḥeḍren i yal tadyant, wwḍent-aɣ-d alammi d lawan-a n wass-a ?
1. Tarrayt n unadi d yisefka
Unadi-a d tasleḍt tamezwarut, talɣant, i yesdukklen asenqed n yiɣbula imazrayen, tasleḍt n yisegzawalen akked yisallen timawiyin. Corpus ameslay yesɛa ukuẓ n yimsulɣa, leɛmer-nsen gar 68 d 75 n yiseggasen, seg At Xellaḍ (Akbou). Isallen-a ttwasqedcen iwakken ad d-sbeggnen anamek amiran n tenfaliyin d tegnatin n usemres-nsent ; ur ttwasqedcen ara d asefru iman-is i usbeddi n uẓar amezray.
Deg yal amedya, nesdukkel : (1) tadyant tamazrayt akken i tt-id-ttawin yiɣbula ; (2) talɣa d unamek n tenfalit deg yisegzawalen ; (3) tamuɣli n yimsulɣa ; (4) turda n wassaɣ gar tenfalit d tedyant. Turdiwin-a ilaq ad tent-id-nini s leḥder : ticeqqufin yellan ur ssawḍent ara ad sbeddent, iman-nsent, azrayan n usiweḍ yettemḍafaren seg tallit taqburt ar wass-a.
Talast tagejdant n unadi d beṭṭu n corpus : imsulɣa akk seg yiwet n temnaḍt, yerna ulac attesten iqburen, timerna n temnaḍin-nniḍen neɣ tasleḍt tasnislant taɣezfant. Ihi, igmaḍ d isumar n turda ara yettwasekyed s unadi-nniḍen, mačči d tifratin tineggura.
2. Tasleḍt n tenfaliyin timawiyin d wassaɣ-nsent ɣer umezruy
Ayen i neɛreḍ ad d-nesken deg kraḍ n tadyanin-a, mačči d amezruy kan iɣef nerra lwelha-nneɣ, imi assaɣ yellan gar tutlayt akked tedyanin n umezruy ur yenneqḍaɛ ara, s wawal-nniḍen, d timawit i yeǧǧan tadyant tamazrayt ad tedder seg tsutwin timezwura ar ass-a, am wakken d yiwet n tegruma n yinefkan yettɣaman deg wallaɣ n yimdanen, ɣas akken, ajerred n tedyanin-a yettaǧa-tent ad ressint deg lkaɣeḍ, maca timawit d yiwet n talɣa-nniḍen ɣef usiḥbiber ɣef tutlayt akked umezruy, imi tutlayt tamaziɣt s timawit-is teddem ayen ddment tutlayin yettwarun, tessaweḍ ad tesseḥbiber s talɣa-a ɣef tedyanin-a yeḍran deg umezruy, agzul-nsent (s unamek n later) yeqqim-d ass-a deg yiles n ugdud s talɣa n tenfaliyin timawiyin.
2.1. Tanfalit « yexdem afernas » : azbu d ccfawat n Firmus
Deg uḥric-a, ad d-nawi ɣef tenfalit « yexdem afernas » akken tettwasemras deg teqbaylit n wass-a. Tazwara, ad d-nesken anamek-is d tegnatin n usemres-is ; syin, ad d-nefk isallen imazrayen ilaqen kan i usegzi n tedyant n Firmus. Γer taggara, ad nesqerdec turda n wassaɣ gar wawal « afernas » d yisem Firmus, war ma nḥettem belli assaɣ-a d aẓar asnislan neɣ d asiweḍ ur nettbeddil ara seg tallit taqburt ar ass-a.
2.1.1. Anamek d usemres n tenfalit
Akken i d-nessegza yakan, Firmus mačči kan d agellid neɣ yessegra-d amezruy deffir-s, maca tinfaliyin yeqqnen ɣer ɣur-s qqiment-d ass-a deg yiles aqbayli, imi later-is ad t-naf deg leqdicat yellan ɣef tmurt n Leqbayel.
Awal Firmus nettaf-is deg tenfaliyin s yisem “afernas”, anda ara naf, meḥsub akk tibadutin i wawal-a, ttakent-as belli d amdan yuɛren, yettaṭṭafen ccḥani, d amdan i izemren ad iḥbes ayen iḍerrun deg tigawt ur yettkemmil ara, Neɣ win iɣef yella letkal.
Awennit-nneɣ ɣef tugniwin-a, ad ɣ-yeǧǧ ad nesɛu tikti ɣef wawal afernas, deg uɣbalu yettwasemras akken ad d-yesken luɛara n umdan iɣef t-lesqen, am wakken yusa-d d arbib akken ad d-yesken “luɛara”, ma iɛewwel-d umdan-nni ɣef taɣawsa deg uqerruy-is ad tt-yaweḍ s unamek “ur yettserriḥ ara”, d win daɣen iɣef tzemmreḍ ad terreḍ taflest.
2.1.2. Isallen imazrayen ilaqen i usegzi
Nubel d yiwen n ugellid amaziɣ yeṭṭef tamnaḍt gar Tniya d Metidja, yemmut deg useggas 370. Nubel yeǧǧa-d sa (07) n dderya : Firmus (Firmin s tlaṭinit), Gildon, Sammac, Mascizel, Dius, Mazucan d Kyria. Yal yiwen deg dderya-s yeṭṭef tamnaḍt, yella fell-as d ageldun, yeḥkem deg-s, yesɛa agdud, ladɣa Sammac i yeṭṭfen tama n unẓul n wasif n Summam (Camps (1998, p. 2)). Sin n wayetma-s mmuten send Firmus, Sammac yella-d seddaw n ufus n Firmus, ma yella d Mascizel yenɣa iman-is iwakken ad yerwel i Yirumanen (Camps (1998, p. 2)).
Nubel yellan ɣer tama n Yirumanen, ittejmaɛ-d tabzert (leɣrama) akken ad tt-yefk i Rum. Iwakken ad as-rren lxir ; neɣ akken ad teṭṭfen ur yettḥerrik ara, Irumanen wwin mmi-s Firmus akken ad t-id-rebbin, ad as-slemden amek i ilaq ad yili d aruman, seg tama-nniḍen ad ṭṭfen baba-s ur d-yettenkar ara mgal-nsen, acku mmi-s atan ddaw leɛnaya-nsen i yella.
Asmi i yemmut Nubel, yuɣal deg umkan-is Sammac ; ɣas akken d wis kraḍ i d-yezga deg dderya-s, maca d netta i yeṭṭefen amkan n baba-s. Kra n lweqt kan yenɣa-t Firmus, imi iban-as-d akken yessexdam tiḥila mgal agdud-is, yerna am wakken irumanen senden ɣer tama n Sammac iwakken ad as-ikkes adeg-is i Firmus (Camps : 1998 :03). Ula d Irumanen susmen, ur d-nnin kra ɣef tedyant-a, acku ɣas akken jerden-as ɣef wacu i t-yenɣa, maca ur asen-d-yerri ara.
Firmus i yeṭṭfen leḥkem, Ruma simmal tettzad tebzert-is (leɣrama) ɣef yimezdaɣ n Tefriqt, Firmus iban-as-d d asexser ayen txeddem akka Rum deg-sen, dayen i t-yeǧǧan yekker-d mgal Irumanen d wayen ttawin d tabzert, annect-a yegla-d s tnekra akk n teqbilin i iqerben ɣer Firmus, akken i d-yessenɛet (Gsell,1903 :21-45), tanekra terza timdinin anda llan tuget n Yirumanen imi d timdinin-a yellan ɣef sswaḥel : tebda s Cæsarea (Cercal) anda kecmen yimaziɣen serɣen-tt, syin akkin tamdint n Icosium (Lazzayer), anda i yukren ayen akk yesɛan azal, akked Rusubbicari i yeldin tiwura-ines i wid i d-yekkren mgal Irumanen iwakken ur tt-sruɣayen ara. Tanekra ur teḥbis ara kan ɣer kraḍet n temdinin-a, tkemmel akken deg ssaḥel alami tewweḍ ɣer Cartennae (Tennes). Seg wakken rebḥen akk imenɣi-nsen mgal irumamen, Imuren bɣan ad sbedden Firmus d agellid ɣef tnekra-a i d-yewwi mgal Irumanen.
Rnu ɣer waya, mi serɣen tamdint n Lezzayer, Romanus yellan ɣef uqerru-ines ur yessaweḍ ara ad yeḥbes Firmus deg useggas 373, Rum yellan tenwa d tanekra ara irekden, ad teṭṭef kan kra n wakud kan, asmi teḥsa seg tnekra mazal tella, Firmus simmal irebbeḥ deg ṭṭradat mgal Irumanen, Rum, tceyyeɛ-d Théodore akken ad as-yerr lḥedd.
2.1.3. Turda n wassaɣ gar « afernas » d Firmus
Akken i d-nessegza yakan tadyant n Firmus d wayen i yexdem i Yirumanen deg txessarin, annect-a ad ɣ-yeǧǧ nezmer ahat ad d-nini belli agellid Firmus yessegra-d later n yisem-is d tebɣest-is d umennuɣ-is mgal Irumanen s tenfalit-a “yexdem afernas”.
Imi ssifa i as-fkan deg tenfalit-a dakken, yexdem ayen ur xdimen wiyaḍ, ɣas akken deg tira mačči d yiwet, maca deg tmaziɣt sumata, deg teqbaylit s lixsas, tettili-d tmerna n tecreḍt “a” ɣer tazwara n wawal akken ad tuɣal am wakken d arbib. Γas akken yemgarad ɣef urbib, acku ticraḍt-is d isem, maca neḥsa deg umezruy, wid akk i d-yessegran later-nsen, yettɣima-d yisem-nsen d arbib akken ad d-sneɛteḍ ayen i yexdem, amedya akka (Machiavel) i yettuɣalen (Machiavélique), ladɣa netta yessaweḍ isem-is ad iressi deg umezruy ilmend n tira-s, mačči ilmend n wayen iga deg tudert-is neɣ deg yimukan i yeṭṭef deg lxedma (Ruelland, 1982 : 56) ; ma yella nesseḥḍer-d Firmus, ad t-naf iga ddeqs n tedyanin ara t-yeǧǧen ass-a iressa deg umezruy, akken ad d-yeqqim yisem-is s wayen yexdem.
Daymi i nezmer ad nefk turda belli ahat awal afernas d tisegra n yisem n Firmus, d awezɣi iwakken ad ṭṭfen tadyant akken teḍra s tedyanin-is timazrayin, ihi tessegra-d kan arbib n yisem Firmus dakken yella yuɛer, ur yettserriḥ ara i tɣawsa alamma yewweḍ ɣer ɣur-s, ihi yal tikkelt ara d-teḍru tedyant anda amdan yuɛer, ixdem ayen ur yexdim wayeḍ, yettaṭṭaf kan deg rray-is, neɣ ahat yuɛer i tudert, ad as-semmin neɣ ad smersen tanfalit-a : yexdem afernas.
2.2. Tanfalit « ibxes-it Rebbi » : leɣder, nnif d ccfawat n Buxus
Tasleḍt tis snat terza tanfalit « ibxes-it Rebbi » d talɣiwin « abxis/ubxis » i yettwasemrasen deg teqbaylit. Ad nebdu s unamek amiran n tenfalit d tegnatin ideg tettusemras, ad d-nerr deffir-s isallen imazrayen ilaqen ɣef Yugariten d Buxus, syin ad nesqerdec turda i yeqqnen aẓar BXS ɣer ccfawat n leɣder d usruḥu n nnif. Assaɣ-a ad yettwali d turda n usemres n ccfawat, mačči d asebgen n uẓar asnislan.
2.2.1. Anamek d usemres n tenfalit
Iwakken ad d-nesken anamek amiran n talɣiwin « ibxes », « abxis » d « ubxis », tafelwit i d-iteddun tessemras sin n yiɣbula ileksikugrafiyen : Dictionnaire kabyle-français n Jean-Marie Dallet (1982) akked Dictionnaire pratique arabe-français n Marcelin Beaussier (1887). Aserwes-a ad d-yefk talɣiwin i d-yekkan seg uẓar BXS, inumak i asent-fkan sin n yimawalen-a d yisallen ɣef usemres-nsent. Iswi-s d asebgen n tegruma tasnamkant yeqqnen ɣer temsexsar, asenqes n wazal, aḥqar d usruḥu n nnif. Maca akken ad nili d imḥadren, amyasa aleksikugrafi-a ur yettuneḥsab ara, iman-is, d asebgen n wassaɣ asnislan gar talɣiwin-a d yisem amezray Buxus ; yettak-d kan inefkan ara yilin d lsas i usqerdec n turda-a.
Tafelwit 1. Aserwes aleksikugrafi n talɣiwin n uẓar BXS d yinumak-nsent
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Adlis |
Amaru d tenkcumt |
Asenqed asnamkan |
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Asegzawal taqbaylit-tafransist (Dictionnaire kabyle-français, parler des At Mangellat) |
Jean-Marie Dallet (1982, p. 59) : « *ebxes : ar. bxs mm. ss. ibexxes ; ur yebxis — abxas, ibexs : être méprisable, avili, abject ; *bexxes, yettbexxis — abexxes : avilir, rendre méprisable ; *ssebxes, yessebxas — asebxes : avilir, rendre méprisable ; yesbexs-it win t-id-ixelqen s ssifa y-as-a-yeska : il est vraiment très laid (son Créateur l’a déconsidéré aux yeux de tous avec la forme qu’il lui a donnée) ; *ttubexxes, yettubexxas — attubexxes : être dégradé, avili, déshonoré. » |
Am wakken i yella deg Dallet, talɣiwin-a qqnent ɣer uẓar BXS. Inumak-nsent ttawin ɣer wayen n diri, temsexsar, aḥqar d usruḥu n wazal n umdan deg tmetti. Tameẓla n uẓar-a d yisem Buxus tezmer ad tili d tazwara n turda, maca ur tettuneḥsab ara d asebgen asnislan. |
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Dictionnaire pratique arabe-français |
Marcelin Beaussier (1887, p. 24) : « ب-خ-ص / bxs : gourmander, fortifier, faire un affront ; recevoir un affront ; être mortifié, honteux. » |
Deg usegzawal n Beaussier, aẓar BXS yeqqen daɣen ɣer temsexsar d usenqes n wazal. Maca, ɣer yinumak i d-yefka Dallet, Beaussier yerna-d tikti n uḥqar neɣ n usruḥu n nnif sdat n medden. Aserwes n sin n yiɣbula yeskan-d amyasa asnamkan, mačči asebgen n yiwen n uẓar amezray. |
Tiɣbalu-a, skanayent-d belli aẓar n wawal ibxes (BXS), yemmal-d dima win iwumi iruḥ nnif (Dallet, 1982 : 59) akked (Beaussier, 1887 :24), amdan ur nesɛi azal, nettaf dima semrasen abxis s unamek n win ur nesɛi lqima neɣ nnif, xersum aẓar (BXS) yezga ɣer Leqbayel yeqqen ɣer temsexsar, ayen ur nelhi ara.
Ma yella d Beaussier yerna-as-d sufella, asenqes n wazal n umdan sdat n medden, neɣ asenqes-a yettili s leɛyaḍ (arfad n ssut). Yefka-d daɣen tikti ɣef wawal « -ب-خ-ص » s usenqes n ssuma ɣef tɣawsiwin, maca yerna-d asegzi anda i t-yeqqen ɣer umdan yesruḥen lqima-s, ladɣa win iɣef yettwakkes sser sdat n yimdanen-nniḍen (imi tasastant-is tettwaxdem ɣef tmeslayt n Lezzayer akked tin n Tunes gar iseggasen 1821 akked 1873).
Ula d imsulɣa deg ukuẓ, rran-d lwelha ɣer wawal-a n (ubxis, abxis), asemres-is yettili-d dima ɣer yimdanen ur nesɛi ara azal, neɣ wid yesruḥen leqder-nsen deg tmetti ideg ttidren, ama iga taɣawsa yeffɣen i walug (ladɣa deg tudrin, win ara ixedmen taɣawsa anda timetti tɣunza-tt), ama yexdeɛ lufeq iɣef yemtawa netta akked wiyaḍ, dayen ara as-d-yessegrun ssifa-a n ubxis neɣ abxis.
2.2.2. Isallen imazrayen ilaqen i usegzi
Yugurten (Jugurtha) d agellid ɣef numidya (La numidie occidentale), gar wayen akk yettwarun ɣef yigelliden n tefriqt n ugafa, ad d-naf Yugariten i yeṭṭfen amur ameqqran deg tira n yimazrayan d yimussnawen akken i d-segzan (Camps Et Chaker, 2004 : 02) akked (Ait-Amara, 2019 :65).
Iswi-nneɣ mačči d amezruy n Yugariten, neɣ d amek i yesseday tagelda-ines, imi tugna i as-yefka Jean Amrouche (1985) deg udlis (l’Eternel Jugurtha), yuɣal d azamul n yimenɣi ɣer yimaziɣen, ṭṭbiɛa-s yettaɛer ad tt-tegzuḍ imi teččur d tinmegliwin (Amrouche, 1985 : 18), rnu ɣer ɣur-s, tiḥerci i yessemras mgal timɣendeft n Yirumanen yettaǧǧa-d yettban-d yufrar deg unbaḍ n yigen (Amrouche, 1985 : 20), anda yesɛa akettur n ulmad i d-yettawi s umlili d Yirumanen, seg-s yessawaḍ ad yelmed s temɣawla, yerna yettalek mgal-nsen (Amrouche, 1985 : 21), neɣ ahat imi yella d agellid abaɣur (Medjani, 2022 : 892) imi akken i as-lesqen yimazrayen sɛaya n ureɣ, tadrimt akked yigerrujen, maca asegzi yerza tadyant amek i yettwaṭṭef sɣur Irumanen d menhu i yellan d aqerru ɣef uɣelluy-is ?
Yezga ccwal d yimenɣi gar Yugariten d Yirumanen, yal tikkelt ad ɛerḍen deg Rum ad d-suffɣen kra mgal-is, ad ixelles s yidrimen wid ixeddmen deg useqqamu n yimɣaren (sénat) n Rum akken ad ḥarben fell-as ; d tamussni i d-yekkes mi yella deg tmurt n Lispan, ladɣa win i yettḥaraben fell-as yal tikkelt ara ɛerḍen ad d-suffɣen kra mgal-ines, d Scipion Emilien (Camps et Chaker, 2004 :3).
Yugariten yuɣ yelli-s n Buxus (Bocchus), akken ad tres lehna, ad mtawan ɣef ucengu arumani, maca ɣer Buxus annect-a d awezɣi ad d-yeḍru, tiṭ-is tella tres ɣef tgelda n Yugariten, ɣas akken ula d netta yella d agellid ɣef Yimuren (les maures), meɛna iɛezzem ad t-yekkes, Yugariten yeqbel ad as-yefk yiwen ɣef kraḍ deg wakal n numidya ma yella nnuɣen mgal Irumanen, daymi i as-yeǧǧa azal-a n trakalt deg tgelda-ines (Camps et Chaker, 2004 :3).
Yugariten yesserwet akken iwata deg Yirumanen, acḥal i as-d-ceyɛen ad t-nɣen maca ur ssawḍen ara, gar-asen : Postumius, Aulus, Metellus akked Marius.
Deg useggas n 111 send talallit n Sidna Ɛisa, Buxxus iceyyeɛ ɣer Rum akken ad t-rren d agellid n tefriqt ugafa, d netta ara yezdin tagelda-s d tin n Yugariten ; ma yella qeblen netta seg tama-s ad yefk afus ɣef uḍeggal-is Yugariten.
Akken i yexdem Buxxuz i teffeɣ, umbeɛd amennuɣ n Yugariten d Yirumanen, yerwel ɣer Buxxus, maca Buxxus yefka Yugariten i Marius, Marius yerra-t i Sylla arumani akken i t-d-yessegza (Saumagne, 1966 : 08). Yewwi-t alammi d Rum daxel n lqefs, ǧǧan-t deg yiwen ugnes sdat nuseqqamu n yimɣaren akken ad t-walin akk Yirumanen. Alammi i yemmut sdaxel n lqefs deg useggas 104 send talallit n Sidna Ɛisa.
Aznaz (leɣḍer) (la trahison) n Buxxus i uḍeggal-is Yugariten, d tin i d-yettuɣalen s tuget deg tedyanin timazrayin n Tefriqt n ugafa, annect-a yettili-d s ṭṭmaɛ n tgelda, n sɛaya neɣ iwakken ad ilin seddaw leɛnaya n Rum, am wakken d azal ara yesɛu akken ad as-iḍal leḥkem.
Deg usegzi-nneɣ i tedyant n Yugariten, neḍfer tigawin ara aɣ-yawin ɣer ugellid n Yimuren Buxus, imi assaɣ-nneɣ yeqqen srid ɣer ɣur-s, aznaz i yezzenz Yugariten i Yirumanen teqqim-d d asmekti, teqqim deg ccfawat n umezruy, imi llan ɛedlen yerna mtawan, asmi i yerwel Yugariten ɣer Buxus akken ad isuter leɛnaya-s, ɣet taggara iɣder-it acku yeḍmeɛ tarakalt meqqren akked sɛaya ara as-d-yekken sɣur Rum imi yefka-yas-d Yugariten.
S yisem n ugellid n Buxus, ccfawat n tmetti ur teṭṭif ara tadyant akken tella, maca tessegra-d tigawt n leɣder i yeɣder ugellid Buxus i Yugariten, imi amezruy yeṭṭef tigawt-a s yisem n ugellid-a.
2.2.3. Turda n wassaɣ gar « abxis/ibxes » d Buxus
Akken i d-nessgza yakan, Yugariten mi yerra ɣer ugellid Buxus akken ad yessuter leɛnaya-as, imi dayen ssawḍen yirumanen ad as-d-ḥudden seg yal tama, rnu ɣer waya, amtawa i d-yersen gar-asen akken ad mɛawanen deg ṭṭrad ɣef Yirumanen, annect-a yeǧǧa Yugariten ad yamen belli sɛan yiwen n yiswi mgal Rum.
Maca agellid Buxus, yexdem ayen yellan deg wallaɣ-is, imi yessenz Yugariten i Yirumanen, send laman i as-yefka, tadyant-a teqqim-d deg umezruy ɣer leɣder ara d-yekken seg laman, akken neẓra, tadyant n Yugariten teqqim-d deg yilsawen, acku d awezɣi ad teqqim deg umezruy teqsiḍt-is akken d takemmalit war tira, ihi deg yilsawen ṭṭfen leɣder n yigellid i Yugariten s yisem n Buxus, imi aẓar n yisem-a (BXS), yeqqen-d ɣer ɣur-s anagar ayen n diri. Tadyant n leɣḍer n Buxus, ahat d tin i as-yefkan i yisem Buxus yir ssifa.
Daymi ara d-nini, iwakken ad semmin i tedyant n Yugariten d Buxus, ṭṭfen-d deg yilsawen leɣder-nni s tedyant-nni n Yugariten, acku amezruy ur itettu ara, yal tikkelt anda amdan ad yeɣder neɣ ad as-iruḥ wazal ad as-semmin “abxis” neɣ “ubxis”. Ihi nezmer ad ahat d-nini belli tanfalt-a “ibxes-it Rebbi” ilmend n ugellid Buxus d tedyant i as-yexdem i Yugariten imi t-yeɣḍer, tessegra-d tanfalit deg umezruy ilmend n yisem-is.
2.3. Tigawt « yemseḥ tamart-is s yidammen » : nnif, ttar d ccfawat n Kusayla
Amedya wis kraḍ yerza tigawt n uslaf ɣef tamart akked unamek n ttar i as-ttaken yimsulɣa. Ad d-nesken tazwara amek tettwafham d wamek tettwasemras tigawt-a ; syin, ad d-nefk isallen imazrayen ilaqen ɣef Kusayla d Ɛuqba Bnu Nafiɛ. Tasleḍt ad tessekfel turda n wassaɣ azamulan gar sin n yiswiren-a, s leḥder imi tigawt n uslaf ɣef tamart tezmer ad tesɛu daɣen anamek amettan deg tegnatin-nniḍen.
2.3.1. Anamek d usemres n tigawt
Ula d imsulɣa akked nemmeslay, fkan-d tamuɣli ɣef win isersen afus-is ɣef uɣesmar-is, ladɣa tamart-is, yettak-d anamek n ttar ara d-yerr bab-is, amselɣu wis sin (A2) yerna-d sufella, tadyant-a n uslaf ɣef tamart tettwaxdem i win yellan yesɛa azal deg tmetti, imi ilaq sin ara yennaɣen yessefk ad sɛun yiwen n wazal amettan, neɣ ad ilin mqraben, iwakken ma yella-d ttar neɣ imenɣi, yiwen ur yesruḥuy ara azal-is, ula d (Bourdieu, 2000, 24) yessnɛet-d annect-a. Syin akkin, imsulɣa rran lwelha daɣen ɣer tiwet n temsalt, mi ara yesses umdan afus-is ɣef uɣesmar-is, ad iwehhi udem-is srid ɣer win i yebɣa ad d-yerr tter, ula d amdan uɣur iwehha, yeḥsa s wayen yellan gar-asen war ma yella mmeslayen neɣ smektan-d dacu yellan gar-asen, anagar tanfalit-a “ha-tt-a”.
2.3.2. Isallen imazrayen ilaqen i usegzi
Aksil neɣ Kusayla, yella ɣef uqerruy n udrum n Iwrabiyen (les Awraba), adrum s timad-is yessedday akk iderman yellan deg tefriqt n ugafa yellan s yisem n Yibaranisen (les Baranis).
Kusayla yellan d amasiḥi, yekcem ɣer tneslemt imi d-wwḍen waɛraben, maca asmi i yeḥkem Abu Lmuḥaǧir Al Dinari deg tefriqt n ugafa deg useggas 675, yeffeɣ Kusayla seg tneslemt yewwi yid-s akk Ibaranisen akken i yessenɛet (Moderan, 2008 :02).
Tamsalt-a teḍra-d seg unekcum n waɛraben gar iseggasen 760 d 780, imi zgan yimazrayen qqaren-d assaɣen yellan gar Kusayla akked Abu Lmuhaǧir ur rkident ara, imi zgan ttemcugalen, ladɣa tuffɣa n Kusayla seg tneslemt, d tuɣalin-is send tarewla-s ɣer usammar n Tlemsan, syin akkin, Kusayla yuɣal-d ɣer tneslemt (Moderan, 2008 :02), maca yessefk fell-aɣ ad d-nebder assaɣen, imi ɣas akken llan-d wuguren gar-asen, maca urǧin yiwen yessenqes deg wazal n wayeḍ, ladɣa Abu Lmuhaǧir Dinar i yeẓẓaren Kusayla dima d agellid ɣef ugdud-is, d win yesɛan awal-is, ula d tiqbilin i d-iqerben ɣer yibaranisen ẓẓaren deg Kusayla d agellid ara ten-ijemɛen deg tegnatin n ṭṭrad, dayen ara ten-yeǧǧen war imenɣiyen imeqqranen.
Asmi d-yewweḍ Ɛuqba Bnu Nafiɛ deg wadeg n Abu Lmuhaǧir ɣer tefriqt n ugafa (Qayrawan) akken ad ikemmel abrid i d-yeǧǧa Abu Lmuhaǧir deg uzuzer n tneslemt, yufa-d aṭas n yigelliden Imaziɣen i yennuɣen mgal-is, imi tasertit-is tebna ɣef ṭṭrad d leḥqer, daymi i yeɛreḍ ad yessimes Kusayla, yebɣa ad as-yekkes azal-nni i yesɛa, d aqerru ɣer yimaziɣen (Moderan, 2008 :03).
Imazrayen akka Ibn al-Athîr akked Al-Nuwayrî, rnan-d ɣef usimes-a, dakken Ɛuqba yerra Kusayla amzun d akli akken i t-id-yessenɛet (Moderan, 2008 :03), anda yeffeɣ ɣer tama n usammar n Tefriqt n ugafa, yewweḍ alammi d agaraw akken ad yessiweḍ tineslemt, yawi-t yid-s akken ad t-id-walin yigelliden-nniḍen akked yigduden, belli Kusayla yesruḥ ccan-is akken imi yella d agellid, yerna d ticraḍt i yigelliden-nniḍen dakken d Ɛuqba ara iḥekmen wa ad inebbeǧ igen-nsen.
Γas akken Aksil yella yeslem maca annect-nni ur yemniɛ ara Ɛukba ad isemrareɣ nnif n Kusayla, iḥettem fell-as ad yezlu ikerri ; ɣas akken yella yeɛlem dakken igelliden ur zellun ara, acku yessenqas deg lqima d wazal n Kusayla sdat n ugdud-is, rnu tamsalt n yidammen teqqim-d deg wansayen, wid izellun lehwayec (ikerri, azger atg), ur ttekkin ara deg ṭṭradat, imi ttwaneḥsaben amzun d aklan, ur ṣɛin ara azal am yimdanen ilelliyen.
Kusayla mi yekfa timezliwt, turda teqqar-d yegra ifassen-is deg yidammen n tsenɣit-nni, isɛedda-ten ɣef tamart-is d uɣesmar-is, d izen i Ɛuqba belli asimes-a ur yettɛedday ara war tawtilt.
Annect-nni ur yeǧǧi ara Ɛuqba ad yerr aḍar, acku ixdem deg-s lbaṭṭel, alammi i as-yerwel. Mi d-yuɣal Ɛuqba seg tama usammar (lmaruk), Kusayla yejmeɛ-d igen, yennuɣ mgal Ɛuqba, yenɣa-t deg useggas n 683 deg wadeg n Tahuda (Moderan, 2008 :03).
Yeǧǧa-d yiwet n teɣremt yesɛan isen n TAHUDA, tamanaɣt-is d Biskra. Ma d Kusayla yerna yeḥkem deg Qayrawan azal n semmus n yiseggasen seld timenɣiwt-is i Ɛuqba, yemmut deg useggas n 688.
Tadyant-a temgarad ɣef snat-nni timezwura, acku tisegra-ines ur terzi ara ismawen n yigelliden s timad-nsen, maca terza ɣer usexser iga Ɛuqba asmi d-yewweḍ ɣer tefriqt n ugafa, imi imazrayen akken ma llan, mtawan belli Ɛuqba yessumes akken iwata Kusayla, imi yeḥsa d agellid, yessuder-as deg wazal-is, yerna annect-a yeḍra-d ula sdat n yiserdasen-is akked yiserdasen n teqbilin i as-yezzin, tamsalt-a ur mgaraden ara seg-s sin n yimazrayen.
Tamsalt i yeǧǧan Kusayla yeɛzem ad t-ineɣ, d tamsalt-nni mi t-yerra Ɛuqba akken ad yezlu ikerri sdat n yiserdasen-is, deg-s d aseɣli n leqder, tadyant-a uran-d fell-as yimazrayen gar-asen (Al-Nuwayri, 2004 :2018), (Ibn Al-Athir, 1965 :106) akked (Ibn Idhari,1983 :27).
Ladɣa aneggaru-a iglem-d tadyant akken teḍra, daymi Abu Lmuhaǧir yerra-as i Ɛuqba, ha-t-an tettnadiḍ ɣef lmut-ik imi i as-txedmeḍ annect-a.
2.3.3. Turda n wassaɣ gar tigawt-a d tedyant n Kusayla
Turda ɣef temsalt-a, dakken seg tigawt-a i yexdem Kusayla akken ad yesken lɣiḍ-is mgal ayen i as-iga Ɛuqba, s umsaḥ-is ɣef tamart-is s yidammen, teqqim-d d azamul deg tmurt n leqbayel, win iwumi yettwaxdem lbaṭṭel, ad yessers (ad yemseḥ) afus-is ɣef uɣesmar-is, d asmekti n wayen iga Kusayla, maca anamek-is yeqqim-d, yal win ara d-ixedmen tigawt-a “yemseḥ afus-is ɣef uɣesmar-is” anamek-is ad d-yerr ttar i wayen i as-txedmeḍ, neɣ ad iseffi leḥsab d yid-k deg lawan i d-itteddun.
Daymi ara d-nini ɣef tigawt i iga Kusayla, teqqim-d d tadyant deg umezruy n tefriqt n ugafa ladɣa ɣer yimaziɣen (Leqbayel), imi i yeslef s ufus-is ɣef tamart-is, ur d-yemmeslay ara, syin akkin d Abu Lmuhaǧir i as-d-yessegzan tamsalt i Ɛuqba, imi mazal ɣer wass-a tettwasemras deg tmurt n leqbayel, ɣer yal yiwen i yebɣan ad d-yerr tter, ad tt-yessemres mgal win uɣur yettnadi ttar.
S tigawt-nni deg umezruy, teqqim-d tenfalit s timawit “ha-tt-a, ad k-ṭṭfeɣ” s usras n ufus ɣer uɣesmar, daymi i nezmer ad d-nini ɣef tenfalit-a, tessegza-d tadyant tamazrayt yeḍran deg yiseggasen iqburen, maca anamek-is yewweḍ-aɣ-d ass-a.
3. Aserwes d usqerdec n turdiwin
Mi nekfa tasleḍt n kraḍ n yimedyaten, yessefk ad ten-nesrewes iwakken ad d-nesken ayen i ten-yesdukklen d wayen i ten-yessemgiriden. Asqerdec-a ur yettnadi ara ad yesbedd kraḍ n turdiwin d tidet tineggura ; iswi-s d asefruri n wamek i tesseqdac tmetti timawit i useḥbiber, usmeskel d wallus n unamek, akked usbeddi n tilisa n wayen i zemren yisefka n unadi-a ad d-sbeggnen.
3.1. Asiweḍ s timawit, ccfawat d wallus n unamek
Unadi-a d tasleḍt tamezwarut, talɣant, i yesdukklen asenqed n yiɣbula imazrayen, tasleḍt n yisegzawalen akked yisallen timawiyin. Corpus ameslay yesɛa ukuẓ n yimsulɣa, leɛmer-nsen gar 68 d 75 n yiseggasen, seg At Xellaḍ (Akbou). Isallen-a ttwasqedcen iwakken ad d-sbeggnen anamek amiran n tenfaliyin d tegnatin n usemres-nsent ; ur ttwasqedcen ara d asefru iman-is i usbeddi n uẓar amezray.
Deg yal amedya, nesdukkel : (1) tadyant tamazrayt akken i tt-id-ttawin yiɣbula ; (2) talɣa d unamek n tenfalit deg yisegzawalen ; (3) tamuɣli n yimsulɣa ; (4) turda n wassaɣ gar tenfalit d tedyant. Turdiwin-a ilaq ad tent-id-nini s leḥder : ticeqqufin yellan ur ssawḍent ara ad sbeddent, iman-nsent, azrayan n usiweḍ yettemḍafaren seg tallit taqburt ar wass-a.
Talast tagejdant n unadi d beṭṭu n corpus : imsulɣa akk seg yiwet n temnaḍt, yerna ulac attesten iqburen, timerna n temnaḍin-nniḍen neɣ tasleḍt tasnislant taɣezfant. Ihi, igmaḍ d isumar n turda ara yettwasekyed s unadi-nniḍen, mačči d tifratin tineggura.
3.2. Tilisa n turdiwin d yiberdan n unadi
Kraḍ n yimedyaten skanayen-d assaɣen izamulen gar tmenna n wass-a d kra n teḥkayin timazrayin. Maca assaɣ azamul ur yelli ara d asebgen n uẓar asnislan. Afernas yezmer ad yettwafhem s unamek-is amiran war assaɣ srid ɣer Firmus ; abxis/ibxes yezmer ad yesɛu aẓar-nniḍen ; tigawt n uslaf ɣef tamart tezmer ad tili d azamul amettan irekden deg waṭas n tegnatin. Turdiwin-a ilaq ad tent-nserwes ɣer yisegzawalen, attestaten iqburen d yimeslayen n temnaḍin yemgaraden.
Azal n yisefka yellan d askan n wamek i d-ttalsen kra n yimdanen amezruy s tenfaliyin. Ur nezmir ara ad d-nini, s yisefka-a kan, belli tella yiwet n uzrayan ur yettwabeddel ara seg tallit taqburt. Ccfawat tamettit tettales, tesmeskal yerna tessemlil ayen i d-tewwi timawit d wayen i d-yewwi uɣerbaz neɣ tira.
Anadi i d-iteddun ilaq ad yesɛu imsulɣa ugar, seg waṭas n temnaḍin d leɛmer yemgaraden ; ad yessekles tinfaliyin deg tegnatin n tilawt ; ad yesken talɣiwin-nsent d ubeddel n yimesli ; ad yefk attesten yettwasnen ; yerna ad yesken turdiwin-nniḍen send ad yeṭṭef yiwet n tarrayt n usegzi.
Taggrayt
Γef wayen akk i d-nessegza seg tazwara, azal sɛant tedyant yeḍran deg tefriqt n ugafa (Lezzayer n tura), ad yeqqim deg taysi n ugdud amaziɣ, imi d tidyanin i yeḍran deg tsutwin iɛeddan, maca later-nsent yeqqim ɣer wass-a, mazal yedder, ama s wayen uran, neɣ yisura i gan ɣef yiwudam-a i yuran amezruy.
I kraḍ n yigelliden : Firmus, Yugariten akked Kusayla, ǧǧan-d later-nsen deg yigduden n tefriqt n ugafa, ula d Irumanen ssawḍen ad arun fell-asen imi ayen gan ur yelli ara d ayen isehlen, yal tasuta teɛreḍ d d-taru neɣ ad tessiweḍ ayen xedmen, ama dayen izemren ad yettuneḥsab d lɛali-t neɣ diri-t, maca tigawin-nsen gant iẓuran i aɣ-d-yewḍen ass-a, mazal ttbant-d ass-a deg tenfaliyin timawiyin yeddewiren gar yimdanen, s tenfaliyin-a ɛerḍen ad siwḍen izen, maca izen-a irfed yid-s tidyanin seg umezruy, tidaynin-a ddrent deg yilsawen n wid i tent-iḥekkun seg tsuta ɣer tayeḍ.
Annect-a ad aɣ-yeǧǧ ad d-nini s turdiwin i d-nebder iwsawen, belli kraḍet n tenfaliyin-nni timawiyin refdent taḥjurt seg umezruy, mačči kan n tinfaliyin war anamek, imi ẓẓant deg umezruy s wazal i refdent, i kraḍ-nsent qqnent srid ɣer yigelliden-nni, ama s wayen i gan, neɣ ayen d-ǧǧan, daymi i nezmer ad d-nini, ahat tinfaliyin-a seḥbibirent ɣef tedyanin yeḍran deg umezruy, dayen i tent-yeǧǧan wwḍent-d ass-a ɣur-nneɣ.
Seg tama-nniḍen, tutlayt s wayes i d-wwḍent d tamaziɣt, ihi imi i aɣ-d-wwḍent akka s tutlayt-a, nezmer ad d-nini, ahat ula deg lawan-nni yes-s i ttmeslayen, imi talɣa-ines tewweḍ-d akka, d azal meqqren i tutlayt belli tezmer ad teḥku, ad tales ayen yeḍran deg umezruy s tutlayt tamaziɣt, seg tsutwin iɛeddan alammi d ass-a ideg d-wwḍent.
Ihi, ar tura, nezmer ad d-nini dakken tinfaliyin timawiyin d agerruj ɣef useḥbiber, ama n umezruy n ugdud Amaziɣ, ama i tutlayt tamaziɣt.