TazwartTiɣriwin d timektiwin yettwabḍan : ayla azamulan, asbedded n yimanen d tugniwin n tɣellist

Afulki Aznat و Musa Imaḥrazen

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Afulki Aznat و Musa Imaḥrazen, « TazwartTiɣriwin d timektiwin yettwabḍan : ayla azamulan, asbedded n yimanen d tugniwin n tɣellist », Aleph [على الإنترنت], Vol 13 (2) | 2026, نشر في الإنترنت 13 juin 2026, تاريخ الاطلاع 14 juin 2026. URL : https://aleph.edinum.org/17398

Deg yal uṭṭun n tesɣunt yellan d adeg n uxemmem, mačči ala agraw n yimagraden i d-yettwasbedden ɣef yiwen n usentel i nettaf. Nettaf, ma yella uxeddim yebna s lḥerṣ, agraw n teɣriwin i d-yemlal, imektiyen i d-yettwasenfalin, ayla n tɣerma i yettwasegzin, d yimanen i d-yettebdaden deg tlemmast n umennuɣ n tegnatin, n tutlayin, n wansayen d tɣellisin. Aṭas n yisental i yezdin uṭṭun-a : tamektit, taɣect, ayla azamulan, asebded n yiman, aɣelluy n usugen atrar, d tugniwin n tɣellist. Maca, ma yella ad as-nefk i wuṭṭun-a yiwen n ubrid ara yesdduklen akk inumak-is, ad d-nini : d abrid.

Abrid ur d-yelli ara d aɣaras yellan yakan, ur d-yelli ara d tikli i d-yemmalen amek ara naweḍ ɣer tidet mebla tuzzya. Abrid d ajerreb, d tuffɣa seg tɣawla, d aqader n wudem n wayen ur nessin ara ad t-nessefru s lɛejla. D tazwara n tmussni. Acku ur yettaweḍ yiwen ɣer tmussni ma ur yeddi ara deg ubrid n tsusmi d twakza. Tasusmi, dagi, ur d-telli ara d taggara n taɣect ; d amkan anda taɣect tettwaḥraz akken ur tettwakkas ara i win i tt-id-yesnulfuyen. Tawakza, daɣen, ur d-telli ara d tukksa n uxemmem ; d tamussni n tlisa n tmussni. Win yessnen ad yesusem, yessen daɣen ad yessemḥes. Win yessnen ad yessemḥes, yezmer ad yefhem belli tamektit ur tettunefk ara s wudem n tidet yegren yakan, maca tettas-d d asefru, d attekki, d lǧerḥ, d asmekti, d tiririt, d tuttra.

Uṭṭun-a, yettawi-d ɣef tiɣriwin d timektiwin yettwabḍan. Maca agraw n timektiwin ur yezmir ara ad yili d tanezzut. Deg tallit-a, anda tamektit tettban-d deg waṭas n yifuras — deg yisefka, deg tewlafin, deg yismidgen, deg yisental n tɣerma, deg yimeslayen n tmedyazt, deg tmeslayin n tsertit, deg uxeddim n uzeṭṭa n lmeɛna — ilaq ad neḥder. Tamektit, ma terra ɣer selɛa, ma tettwaxdem am umedya n uẓayer, ma tettuneḥsab d ayen yesɛan azal kan deg ssuq n yizamulen, tettruḥ-as tezmert-is n tmussni. Tamektit, ur d-telli ara akken ad tt-nazen, ad tt-nessebgen, ad tt-nessemres i wakken ad nesɛu s wayes ara nesburreɣ iman-nneɣ. Tamektit d amsawal gar wayen iɛeddan d wayen i mazal deg-neɣ yettḥulfu. D lḥeqq n wid i temdel tsusmi. D amennuɣ mgal tattut. D asesten ɣef wacu i d-yettwafren, ɣef wacu i d-yettwattu, ɣef wacu i d-yettwasegdel, ɣef wacu i d-yettwassen, d wacu i d-yettwakksen seg umezruy.

Axxemmem yettwarwi mi ara yefreq iman-is ɣef umekti yesɛan tamussni n usesten. Ma yella tamektit ur tesexdam ara tamussni, ma ur tettarra ara ɣer lǧerḥ s talwit, ma ur tettwali ara amek i ttwabnan yisefra n umezruy, amek i d-ttasen yismawen, amek i yettwasebded wayen ara d-yettwikksen d wayen ur d-yettwakkasen ara, tettuɣal ɣer tesga n teẓrigt mebla iminig. Tettban amzun d lḥerṣ ɣef wayen iɛeddan, maca, deg tidet, tezmer ad tili d aɣummu n wawal, d aḥebber mebla leqrar, neɣ d amur n wudem n udabu.

Deg unamek-a, awal n Milan Kundera mazal-it yesɛa azal : amennuɣ n umdan mgal adabu d amennuɣ n umekti mgal tattut. Maca, awal-a, ilaq ad yettwafham s tidet. Ur d-yenna ara belli yal tamektit d tilelli, neɣ yal tuttra n umekti d tidet. Yenna-d, s wudem ameẓẓul, belli adabu, mi ara yuɣal d aɣelluy ɣef umdan, isexdam aṭas s tattut : yettekkes later, yetsifsus lǧerḥ, yettara amezruy d tarrayt n yiwen wawal, yettagem-d deg wayen yebɣa ad yettwassen, ideddel ayen izemren ad d-yerr taɣect n wid yettwasusmen neɣ wid i yellan ɣer tama. Tamektit, deg tmetti am tin, tettili d amennuɣ ma ur tettqeddim ara iman-is d amagrad n tsertit, maca d tiririt n wayen i d-yettwakkes, d aseḥbiber ɣef later, d abrid i d-yessawalen i taɣect i yellan ɣer tama.

Maca ilaq daɣen ad nẓer belli tamektit tezmer ad tuɣal d adabu. Mi ara tettwafren mebla asesten, mi ara tt-sqedecen akken ad tessers tamagit deg yiwen wudem ur netḥerrek ara, mi ara tettbeddil anadi ɣef tidet s uɛeddi n wawal, mi ara tettekkes i wiyaḍ lḥeqq n usmekti neɣ lḥeqq n umennuɣ, tettuɣal tmektit d allal n udabu. Ihi, uṭṭun-a ur yettcebbih ara tamektit amzun d lḥeqq yettwagren. Yessexdem-itt d amkan n usesten : tamektit d acu-tt ? d anwa i d-yettmeslayen s yisem-is ? d anwa i d-yesusmen deg-s ? d acu i d-yettḥemmil ubrid n tɣerma ? d acu i d-yettwakksen seg wawal mi ara nettmeslay ɣef wayla, ɣef tamagit, ɣef taɣect, ɣef lǧerḥ, ɣef leḥzen, ɣef tsuta, ɣef tmetti ?

Deg tazwara n uḍris-a n wuṭṭun, tiɣriwin i d-yettbanen, d tiɣriwin ijerḥen. Maca taɣect ijerḥen ur tettɛassa ara kan i wakken ad d-teḥku lǧerḥ-is. Tettawi-d daɣen amek yettbeddil lǧerḥ lqaleb n wawal. Yal tamektit yessaḍanen ur tettunefk ara d tadyant ara d-yettwaḥkun s tɣawla. Tettuɣal d tasekka n usugen : tasusmi, tugdi, tasnuffra, tiririt s tɣawla, tirẓi n wakud, d leḥder n wawal. Abrid n wid i ijerḥen ur d-yelli ara d abrid n tẓuri igerrzen ; d abrid n tudert i yettḥaraben akken ur tettwakkas ara seg-s teɣzi n wawal. Deg-s, tasusmi, tettban am tin yellan d aẓar n tɣect, mačči d taggara-ines.

Seg tama-nniḍen, aṭas n yigraden n wuṭṭun-a i yettwalin tasekla d amkan n tiririt mgal awal yedduklen, awal yettwasbedden, awal n udabu. Tasekla ur tḥewwes ara kan ad d-teslalay tugniwin ; tezmer ad teldi i umezruy tiwwura i yegdel wawal uffiɣ. Mi ara d-tettawi ɣef wamek i ttwakksen yismawen, amek i susmen lǧerḥ, amek i ttwasbedden yisefra n tmagit, tasekla tettidir d taɣect n usesten. Ur tettuɣal ara d adeg n war tidet ; tettban d tarrayt n usmekti i yettarran amdan ɣer wayen yecban aẓru yersen deg ubrid : iteddu fell-as yal ass, maca ur iteddu ara akken ad t-iwali. Tasekla, deg tegnit-a, tettawi-d acu i d-yettwattun deg wamek i nettidir.

Tamedyazt, d awal iceffun, d taɣect n tejmaɛt, d tasekla n yimanen yellan gar snat n tutlayin, gar snat n tmettiwin, gar snat n talliyin, akk ayagi yessebgan-d belli ayla azamulan ur d-yelli ara kan d ayen yettwaḥerzen deg yisefka neɣ deg tmeẓriyin. Ayla azamulan yettidir deg wawal, deg ccna, deg uḥerrek n taɣect, deg tarrayt n usiwel, deg yisefra n tmetti, deg usugen n tudert n yal ass. Mi ara nettmeslay ɣef LƐenqa, ɣef ccna n cceɛbi, ɣef kasba, ur nettmeslay ara kan ɣef tmedyazt neɣ ɣef tẓuri. Nettmeslay ɣef temdint amzun d tazwart n umekti : iɣallen-is, iberdan-is, ssuq-is, taɣect-is, leḥzen-is, lferḥ-is, d leɛqel n tmetti i yettwaḥerzen deg wawal iceffun.

Deg yigraden i d-yettawin ɣef yimezdaɣ n Tmurt n Leqbayel, ɣef tejmaɛt, ɣef yixxamen n udrar, ɣef yiberdan yettwattun, ɣef tɣerma n yeẓra d yisekla, nettaf abrid-nni s wudem-nniḍen. Abrid ur d-yelli ara kan d aɣaras gar sin n yidgan ; d tamusni n wadeg. Yal adeg s tmektit-is. Yal axxam s temɣayt-is. Yal aẓru yeffer awal i yettwaḥerzen deg-s. Mi ara nettmeslay ɣef ukessar n tɣerma neɣ ɣef useḥbiber ɣef ksour, ur ilaq ara ad nerr ayagi d asefruri n yizamulen yessewhamen. Ilaq ad nẓer amek i ddren yemdanen deg wadeg-nsen, amek i ttwassnent tarrayin n tudert, amek i yettwasenqed wayen yellan d adeg n tmetti, mačči kan d tugna n umezruy.

Ihi, ayla n tɣerma ur d-yelli ara d taɣawsa yurzen. D assaɣ. D tanekra. D amsiwel gar wid iɛeddan, wid yettidiren, d wid ara d-yasen. Ma ur yelli ara usmekti s tmussni, ayla yettuɣal d aẓeṭṭa yebdan, d tasekka n tewlafin, d asafu n twacult, d aḥric n tnezzut. Ma yella-d usmekti s leḥder, ayla yuɣal d abrid n tririt : ad nẓer acu i d-neḥrez, acu i d-nettawi, acu i d-nbeddu, acu i d-netturar, acu i d-nettak i tsuta ara d-yasen.

Deg wuṭṭun-a, tasekla Tamaziɣt, tasekla Taɛrabt, tasekla tafransist, tasekla tagnizit d tiyaḍ, ttwabnant akk am ugraw n tutlayin i yettmeslayen gar-asent. Tamektit, mačči ala yiwet n tutlayt kan i tessen. Tamektit tettbeddil tameslayt, maca ur tettbeddil ara lǧerḥ-is. Taɣect tettbeddil tarrayt n usiwel, maca ur tettbeddil ara tuttra n uzref. D ayagi i d azal n uṭṭun-a : ur yessemlal ara timussniwin akken ad tent-yerr d yiwet n taɣect. Yessemlal-itent akken ad d-iban wayen i ttemseḍfaren, ayen i ttemgaraden, ayen i tent-yeǧǧan ad ttemẓarent deg umkan n usesten.

Deg yisental i d-yettawin ɣef tmeṭṭut, ɣef tiɣriwin n tulawin, ɣef tarrayin n usiwel fell-asent, ɣef umezruy n uḥettem n tẓuri d tmetti, nettaf tamektit deg wudem n tmagit. Tameṭṭut ur tettili ara kan d asentel n wawal ; tettɣimi aṭas n tikal d taɣect yettwaqemmḍen, d tafat yettwagedlen, d tamussni ur nettwassnen. Mi ara yettwasenqed wawal ɣef “ameslay n tmeṭṭut”, ilaq ad nẓer ma yella wawal-a d anadi n tmussni neɣ d tarrayt n usdukel n usugen ɣer tugna yettwaseqqnen. Tamektit n tmeṭṭut, deg tmetti, tekkat mgal snat n tattutin : tattut n umezruy, d tattut n taɣect.

Isental n tɣellist d uɣelluy deg uḍris atrar, ttwassnen daɣen deg uṭṭun-a. Mi ara d-nemmeslay ɣef uɣelluy n wudem amaynut, ɣef tɣellist n umdan atrar, ɣef usḥissef n tmussni mi ara tettbeddil almend n yiferdisen, nettmeslay ɣef yiwen n usteqsi ameqqran : acu i d-yeggran i umdan mi ara yexser tamektit n yiman-is ? Acu i d-yeggran i tmetti mi ara tkakri akk ayen yezmer ad yettwaseḥseb, maca tettu ayen yezmern ad yettwafhem ? Acu i d-yeggran i tmussni mi ara tettu abrid n tsusmi d twakza ?

Axxemmem ɣef uɣelluy ur d-yelli ara kan ɣef taggara. Aɣelluy d tagnit anda yettban wayen yettwagren yakan. Mi ara terreẓ tmetti, yettban wayen yellan d axeddim n udabu, d wayen yellan d lǧerḥ n umdan, d wayen yellan d tattut n umezruy. Tugniwin n tɣellist ur d-sseknen ara kan tugdi ; sseknen-d acu i d-yettwaḥerzen deg ubrid n tmetti, d acu i d-yettwakkes seg-s. Ihi, tasekla n tɣellist, teggar tiṭ i wayen yellan d tafekka n tudert-nneɣ : abrid n umdan atrar, mi ara yexser assaɣ d yiman-is, d umezruy-is, d wayla-ines azamulan.

Deg tama n tarrayin, uṭṭun-a yettmekti-d belli tamussni ur tezmir ara ad tebnu iman-is ɣef yismawen imeqqranen kan. Ilaq-as unadi deg wawal, deg umyag, deg tɣessa n tefyirt, deg usentel n unadi, deg tarrayt n usiwel, deg wudem n usteqsi. Tasleḍt n usiwel deg tegnit n taywalt, tasnamka n wawal, tarrayin n usiwel, tazrawt n tɣessa n udlis, akk ayagi ur d-yelli ara d asurif amecṭuḥ. D isallen n ubrid. Ma ur nelli ara d imezwura deg tarrayt, ad nerr tamektit d afares n lḥamas. Ma yella tella tarrayt, tamektit tettwasenqed, tres deg wadeg-is, tettwafham deg tɣessa n wawal-is.

Abrid n tmussni d abrid iḥemmlen asesten. Ur yezmir ara ad yeqqim deg leḥkem n wawal yessafaren. Ilaq ad yesuter : anwa i d-yettmeslayen ? i wumi ? deg wanida ? acu n tutlayt-is ? d acu i taɣessa-s ? d acu n udabu ? acu n tuttra ? S usesten-a, tamektit ur tettwaseqdec ara d aɛrur n tsertit, maca tettwasebded d adeg n uxemmem. D ayagi, iɣer i d-yessawal wuṭṭun-a : ad nerr tamektit ɣer ubrid-is n tmussni, ad nerr taɣect ɣer ubrid-is n uḥareb, ad nerr ayla ɣer ubrid-is n tmeddurt.

Tamektit, ma tella d azref, ur tettɛassa ara ɣef umezruy akken ad t-teg d taqerrabt. Tettɛassa fell-as akken ad t-id-teldi d asteqsi. Ur tettekkes ara i wid iɛeddan ayla-nsen n taɣect ; tettak-asen aɣbel n wawal. Ur tesseɣlay ara ayla deg tnezzut ; tettarra-t ɣer tmeddurt. Ur tettarra ara lǧerḥ d tugna yessewhamen ; tettarra-t d amkan n usesten ɣef tmetti, ɣef udabu, ɣef yiman, ɣef tsuta. Tamektit, ma tella d tamektit n tmussni, ur tettḥemmil ara taɣawla. Tettḥemmil abrid.

Deg ubrid-a, yessefk ad nẓer daɣen belli ulac ayla mebla tamezwarut n wawal, ulac taɣect mebla agraw, ulac agraw mebla aqader n umdan. Asebded n yiman ur d-yelli ara kan d “nek” i d-yettmeslayen. D “nek” i d-yettmeslayen deg tɣessa n “nekni”, maca ur yettwakkes ara deg-s. D “nek” i yessnen belli yesɛa amezruy, maca ur yebḍi ara deg umezruy. D “nek” i d-yettbeddiden gar umekti d usugen, gar wayen i d-yettwaweṛten d wayen i d-yettwasnulfan, gar lǧerḥ d tririt. Deg waya, uṭṭun-a yessebgan-d belli asbedded n yiman ur d-telli ara d awelleh n yiman s lekmal ; d axeddim n tɣessa, d lǧehd n wawal, d amennuɣ n umdan akken ad yili d win yesɛan taɣect mebla ma yesseḥbes tiɣriwin n wiyaḍ.

Abrid n taɣect ur d-yelli ara d abrid n urkaḍ ɣef wiyaḍ. Taɣect yettwaffren s tidet d tin yessnen ad tessemḥes. Deg uṭṭun-a, tiɣriwin mgaradent : tella taɣect n tsekla, taɣect n ccna, taɣect n tmeṭṭut, taɣect n tɣerma, taɣect n umezruy, taɣect n tarrayt, taɣect n tsertit, taɣect n tmussni. Ur yettwasuter ara ad ttuɣalent d yiwet. Yettwasuter ad ttmeslayent, ad sent-yessemḥes umdan, ad tent-yerr uxemmem deg wadeg anda zemerent ad d-snulfunt anamek.

Ihi, tazwart-a ur tebɣi ara ad tessebgen tamektit d aẓayer n leḥzen neɣ d asafu n tmagit. Tebɣa ad d-tessebgen belli tamektit d afud. D axeddim. D tasusmi mi ara ilaq ad nessemḥes. D tawakza mi ara ilaq ad nḥader ɣef wayen ur nessin ara akk. D tamussni mi ara ilaq ad nsefru amek i d-ttasen yismawen, amek i d-yettwaḥrez wawal, amek i yettwakkes lḥeqq n taɣect. D amennuɣ mi ara ilaq ad nerr later i wayen yettwattun. D tiririt mi ara ilaq ad nerr ayla i tmeddurt, mačči i tnezzut.

Ayen yellan d tamektit ur ilaq ara ad inez deg ssuq n yizamulen. Ayen yellan d ayla, ur ilaq ara ad yekcem ɣer tewlaft ur nesɛi tudert. Ayen yellan d taɣect, ur ilaq ara ad yettwafren kan ma yella tezmer ad tessewhem. Tamussni, teṭṭef-d deg wayen i d-yeqqimen d asesten. Tasekla teṭṭef-d deg wayen i d-yettmeslayen s nnig n wawal. Taɣerma, teṭṭef-d deg wayen i d-yettwawerten, maca daɣen deg wayen i ilaq ad d-yettwasegzi. Tamektit, teṭṭef-d deg wayen i d-yettwaḥerzen, maca daɣen deg wayen i d-yettwakksen, deg wayen i d-yettwagdlen, deg wayen i d-iɣummen.

Deg taggara, uṭṭun-a yettak-d yiwen n usentel ameqqran : ad s-nerr abrid-is i tmussni. Abrid-a ur d-yelli ara d aɣaras n tɣawla. D abrid n tsusmi, n twakza, n usesten, n leḥder, n tɣuri, n tiririt. D abrid anda tettidir tamektit ma ur tt-nerri ara d selɛa. D abrid anda tettidir taɣect ma ur tettwakkes ara i wiyaḍ. D abrid anda yettidir wayla ma ur yettwafres ara seg tmeddurt. D abrid anda yezmer umdan ad yerr iman-is d asentel n tmussni, ma ur yettɛedday ara ɣef lǧerḥ n wiyaḍ.

Amennuɣ n umdan mgal adabu d amennuɣ n umekti mgal tattut ; maca amennuɣ-a ur yezmir ara ad yili d tidet ma ur yelli ara daɣen d amennuɣ mgal asfeṣfeṣ, mgal tanezzut n tɣerma, mgal asddukel n tmagit deg yiwen wudem, mgal aɣiwel deg uxemmem, mgal tamsalt n umekti mi ara tettwaseqdec war ameyyez. Tamektit, s tidet ur tessaɛlay ara iman-is s lḥess. Txeddem. Tettwali. Tesseḥsab. Tessefruy. Tessectiq. Tettarra-d. Tettak-d abrid.

D ayagi i d-yessutur wuṭṭun-a : ad neffeɣ seg tattut rnu ur ckeccem ara deg lḥebs n umekti yesseḥbasen ; ad neḥrez ayla mebla ma nerra-t d usbik ; ad nsemḥes i teɣriwin mebla ma nerra-tent d taggayt ; ad nẓer taɣellist mebla ma nesɛa deg-s tugdi ; ad nerr tasekla, taɣerma, tarrayt d tmussni ɣer umkan-nsent n usesten.

Akken yebɣu yili ubrid, d abrid. Abrid n wid i d-yettmeslayen seg lǧerḥ, n wid i d-yettaken azal i ccna, n wid i d-yettarran later i wadeg, n wid i d-yessulin tameṭṭut seg tsusmi, n wid i d-yettmeslayen ɣef uɣelluy n umdan atrar, n wid yekkaten mgal tattut n tɣerma. D abrid n tmussni yessnen belli ur yelli ara ubrid war tameddit n usesten, ur yelli ara usegzi war tasusmi, ur yelli ara unadi war tawakza.

Deg waya i yezmer wuṭṭun-a ad yili d agraw n teɣriwin, maca daɣen d tagnit n usmekti : tamektit ur d-telli ara akken ad tt-neḥrez kan ; tettunefk-aɣ-d akken ad tt-nessefru. Taɣect ur d-telli ara akken ad s-nsel kan ; tettunefk-aɣ-d akken ad s-nessemḥes. Ayla ur d-yelli ara akken ad t-id-nessebgen kan ; yettunefk-aɣ-d akken ad nẓer acu i d-ilulen deg-neɣ, acu i d-nettawi i wiyaḍ, d acu i d-neggar i tsuta ara d-yasen.

Abrid n tmussni yebda s tsusmi. Yettuɣal s twakza. Yettkemmil s usesten. Ittemmed s tiririt. D abrid-a i d-yessawal wuṭṭun-a, d abrid-a i d-yettaken i tiɣriwin yettwabḍan azal-nsent, d abrid-a i d-yettarran tamektit mgal tattut, mačči d anza n umekti, maca d axeddim-is.

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Nora, P. (dir.). (1984-1992). Les Lieux de mémoire. Gallimard.

Ricœur, P. (2000). La mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli. Seuil.

Todorov, T. (1995). Les abus de la mémoire. Arléa.

Références (domaine amazigh)

Achab, R. (1996). La néologie lexicale berbère : 1945-1995. Peeters.

Achab, R. (2010). L’aménagement du lexique berbère. Iles d Imesli, 2(1).

Berkai, A. A. (2009). Lexique de la linguistique français-anglais-tamazight : précédé d’un essai de typologie des procédés néologiques. Éditions Achab.

Chaker, S. (1991). Manuel de linguistique berbère I. Bouchène.

Chaker, S. (1996). Manuel de linguistique berbère II : Syntaxe et diachronie. Éditions Peeters.

Mammeri, M. (1976). Tajeṛṛumt n tmaziɣt (tantala taqbaylit). François Maspero.

Mammeri, M. (1980). Poèmes kabyles anciens. François Maspero.

Afulki Aznat

Amas n unadi deg tutlayt d yidles n tmaziɣt — Vgayet

Musa Imaḥrazen

Amas n unadi deg tutlayt d yidles n tmaziɣt — Vgayet

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