Agzul
Seg wazermezruy ar ass-a, amdan yezga yettnaɣ ɣef tmeddurt-is. Yessnulfuy-d inagrawen ara yerr d asalel akken ad yerkeḍ. Gar yisnulfuyen i d-yufa nezmer ad d-nebder tafellaḥt i yellan d adda n tlalit n tɣermiwin talsanin timenza, tesseǧhed assaɣen gar yimdanen. Akken ad yesseḥbiber ɣef wassaɣ-a anmetti, yessaweḍ ɣer kra n tmusniwin d tfukas tidamsanin akked tenmettiyin, i d-yettbinen deg tegruma n yisuḍaf d yinagrawen n useswi, ladɣa deg wayen yerzan beṭṭu, asefrek d usiḍen n waman, yettuɣalen srid ɣef uzday anmetti i ɣen-d-yefkan amedya ɣef usefrek asmenzag n waman.
Amagrad-a d aglam n unagraw n useswi deg ugelmim n Cennawra, yeqqen leqdic-a ɣer tezrawin n tesnalesmeslit tamaziɣt d yidles agemman n waman. Iswi n tezrwat-a d askan n umanzay n twuri n unagraw n tmeckudt deg usiḍen n waman, anagraw-a yejlan imi ass-a d tamert tatrart ay yettusemrasen.
Awalen isura
Asiḍen n waman, tameckudt, idles agemman n waman, asefrek n waman, tasnalesmeslist tamaziɣt, agelmim n Cennawra, agelmim n Tkukt tanijit, Awras.
Tazwert
Awras, seg talliyin n teglest neɣ ahat seg talliyin n uzermezruy, d adrar yettwazedɣen, d adrar i ibedden ɣer tama n umdan s wayen yelhan d wayen n diri, aya ma nmuqqel ɣer ugama, tagnawt akked tɣessa n trakalt-ines.
Amdan d mmi-s n ugama-s, ɣef wayen i yettwali É. Masqueray : « Agama werjin yesselfa-d timettiyin, maca d yiwen n uferdis agejdan yesɛan azal meqqer deg umgired-nsent ; ma yella seg tazwara meḥsub nenker atekki-nnes deg usileɣ n tɣermin s umata, tura yessefk lḥal ad nerr azal i talɣiwin n wakal d tewtilin n tegnawt »1
Ihi, amgired n ugama yesɛa assaɣ d usrid deg umgired n tmettiyin acku amdan s umata, yeqqen srid ɣer ugama d twennaḍt-ines, aya yettbin-d mliḥ deg taɣulin n tudert-is yemgaraden ama deg tutlayit-is, tusska n yixxamen-is, tafellaḥt-is, tigemmi-ines, amezruy-is, deg usemmi d usmagi n yidgan d temnaḍin i as-d-yezzin, atg.
Tirzi d unadi-nneɣ deg temnaḍin yemgaraden n Wawras, yessken-aɣ-d ayen yezmer ad t-ig umdan : tudrin yuglen ɣef leryaf n yiɣezran, d teqliɛin yettwaskan ɣef tqacucin n yiẓerwan, tuẓẓut yemgaraden gar tin n tniri d tin n udrar, iqdicen iwamanen iqburen n temnaḍin yesɛan aman d tid yečča uɣurar, atg.
Iɣzer n Cennawra, neɣ Lɣerrar akken i as-ssawalen yimezdaɣ n temnaḍt-a (ahat imi deg tuget n useggas yezga yeqqur), yettazzal kan deg talliyin n ugeffur, d yiwen gar yiɣezran yessenɣalen aman-is deg yiɣzer Amellal.
Drus maḍi n yiqdicen iwamanen iqburen i d-yezgan ɣef yigemmaḍen n yiɣzer n Cennawra ma yella nesserwes-iten ɣer wid d-yemmugen ɣef yigemmaḍen n yiɣzer Amellal. Anagar n sin n yigelmimen i yellan, yiwen deg temnaḍt n Tkukt tanijit wayeḍ deg uqewwar n Cennawra s timmad-is, i ibeɛden azal 05 km ɣef umenzu, yerna ila yiwet n tadra akked yid-s, almend n Robert Claude Maurice, d amnekcam arumani ay ten-d-yeǧǧan2
Agelmim n Cennawra d amaɣud n talɣa, yettwaska s yidɣaɣen d imeqqranen nezzeh, yesɛa azal n 11 n tmizwin i d-yessufuɣen aman, ma deg telqayt ɣur-s snat n lmitrat. Ttuɣ ittaṭṭaf 03 n wagguren akken ad yeččar deg wakken yehraw nezzeh3
Send ad as-rnun yimezdaɣ n Cennawra deg leɛli yella yesɛa: 75m deg teɣzi, 31m deg tehri d 1,60m4 deg leɛli (wali tawleft 01).
Am tuget n temnaḍin n Wawras i d-ibedden ɣef wariwen n tliwa, anagraw n useswi deg uɣir n Cennawra yeqqen ɣer unagraw n yigelmamen, anda i beṭṭan tasmekta n waman d tuna neɣ d tiram. Tasmekta n tuna tezmer ad ttzid ma qwan waman akken daɣen i tezmer ad tenqes deg talliyin n uɣurar.
Maca, amgired n unagraw n useswi i d-nufa gar temnaḍt-a d temnaḍt n Tkukt tanijit, yerza tarrayt n usiḍen n wakud akked wallalen yettusemrasen deg-s.
Deg leqdic-a ad neɛreḍ ad d-neglem tarrayt n usiḍen n tesmekta n waman, sdin ɣer-s ad tt-nesserwes d tarrayt yettusemrasen deg ugelmim n Tkukt Tanijit.
Aya yella-d s tarrayt timettekkit. Nerza ɣer temnaḍt n Cennawra, ɣer wadeg ideg yella ugelmim, nemlal d kra n yimellaken Ḥ.M. (89 n yiseggasen) akked Ɛ.M. (73 n yiseggasen). Nessexdem tamawt tusridt, d tadiwennit d yimsulɣa s yisteqsiyen azgen-usriden, acku mi ara nesteqsi kra n umselɣu, nettak-as tagnit akken ad d-yessenfali akken yebɣa, ad d-yales amek i ssiḍinen tasmekta n waman, d wamek i tella zik, melmi i beddlen tarrayt d wamek i d-tt-ǧǧan ass-a.
Mi d-neglem deg umagrad-a aseswi deg ugelmim n Cennawra, nessaweḍ deg tazwara nessken-d tawuri n tmeckudt deg usiḍen n waman, tamert-a tawamant tamensay i semmrasen zik, ass-a tejla imi uɣalen ssemrasen tamert tatrart. Sakin nesserwes-itt ɣer tamert tafukant tamensayt i tessemras temnaḍt n Tkukt tanijit.
Send 1912, ɣef wayen i ɣen-d-ulsen yimsulɣa, anagraw n useswi n temnaḍt n Cennawra, ur yemgarad ara aṭas ɣef win n Tkukt tanijit. Maca, seg 1912 d aswen yeḍra-d fell-as ubeddel.
1. Anagraw n useswi deg temnaḍt n Cennawra
Anagraw n useswi deg temnaḍt-a izger-d ɣef snat n talliyin. Yella yiwen unagraw d aqbur ay sseqdacen lejdud-nneɣ, yeḍra-d fell-as ubeddel ɣer leǧwahi n 1912. Deg wayen i d-itteddun, ad nwali amek i yella unegraw-a deg snat n talliyin-a, yeɛni amek i yella uqbel 1912 d wamek i yuɣal syin d afella?
1.1. Send 1912
Seg 1912 d aksar, anagraw n useswi deg temnaḍt n Cennawra, deg tazwara tiram llant bḍant ɣef sin n yigelmimen; 08 d 09 maca skud tqaɛaden tamurt, gezzmen zinba d uzir skud tnernayent tiram, almi wwḍent 28 n tiram, aya i d-yeglan s wugur n uɣurar n yineggura-a, ɣef waya i asen-heddren (wehhben) iḍ d wass akken ad d-mennɛen lɣella-nsen.
Ihi, anagraw n useswi deg tallit-a yella yennebḍa ɣef 07 n wunniḍen; unniḍ n 08, 09, 12, 16, 20, 24 d wunniḍ n 28. Tiram n 10 d 11 ḍemmnent ɣer wunniḍ n 09, tiram n 13,14 d 15 ḍemmnent ɣer tid n 16, atg. (wali tafelwit 01) ɣer wadda ideg d-nessegza s telqey akk annect-a.
Tiram bḍant ɣef yiḍ d wass; 04 n lerbaɛ d iḍ, 05 n lerbaɛ d ass, (Rrbeɛ d tunet tunnigt deg usiḍen s tmeckudt, yesɛa azal n 2 n timar d 40 n tseddadin). Tibḥirin i d-yezgan s ufel ugelmim ur tent-itteṭṭef ara, tessent srid seg tala deg wass, ttuneḥsabent d tiram n wass acku deg yiḍ aman n tala terran-ten i ugelmim akken ad yeččar, ma d tid i d-yezgan ddaw ugelmim itteṭṭef-itent, tessent seg waman yettuxezznen deg-s deg yiḍ, ttuneḥsabent d tiram n yiḍ. Maca asemres n waman yettili-d deg wass deg tafat merra-nsent, tibḥirin ur yeṭṭif ara ugelmim tessent seg tala, tid yeṭṭef ugelmim tessent seg ugelmim.
1.2. 1. Tiram n wass
Tiram n wass, sɛant deg tuget-nsent 05 n lerbaɛ, azal n 13 n timar d 20 n tseddadin, rzant 4 n terfiqin temnawabent, snat d timenza, snat d tineggura, nnuba i d-yusin ad mbeddalent, timenza ad uɣalent d tinggura, tineggura ad uɣalent d timenza. Asemres n waman yettili-d seg 04h40 almi 18h00 srid seg uɣbalu. (wali tafelwit 02)
1.2. 2. Tiram n yiḍ
Yal iḍ, agelmim n Cennawra yettawi isem n temnaḍt i yerza useswi (wali azenziɣ 01), ilmend n umyezwer n tnubawin d uzref-nnes deg usemres n waman (wali tafelwit 03), yal tamnaḍt tesɛa 04 n lerbaɛ, azal n 10 n timar d 40 n tseddadin. Axezzen n waman deg ugelmim yettili-d seg 18h00 almi 04h40 ma d asemres n ugelmim yettili-d deg wass deg tafat.
Imellaken yesɛan amur ameqqran n wakal, d At Ḥaba d Wat Ɛebd Rreḥman, tadra-nsen seg temnaḍt n Yinuɣisen. Asmi neqsen waman n tala, At Ḥaba senzen tamurt n Ubekku mebla aman akken ad smersen tuna-nnes, ad d-sɛan aman ugar.
1.2. Seg 1912 d asawen
Seg 1912 d asawen, yeḍra-d ubeddel deg tarrayt n beṭṭu n waman imi uɣalen tezzin-d ɣef 12 n wussan. Ma d wid i ur yeṭṭif ara ugelmim qqimen ɣef wass akken llan, ur ten-iḥuz ara ubeddel. Seg tama nniḍen gran-d sin n yigelmimen i itteddun s tarrayt taqburt, wa n Temxaleft d wa n Rrken.
Timental i yeǧǧan ad d-yeḍru ubeddel-a yemgarad almend n wayen i aɣ-d-ulsen yimsulɣa-nneɣ. Kra yeqqar belli tiṭ-nsen deg ugelmim-nni n Ubekku n At Ḥaba, bɣan ad sdakklen igelmimen, ad d-qqlen akk ɣef 12 bac ad sxelḍen aman, ad asen-ɛawden beṭṭu, ad simẓin tiram n At Ḥaba d Wat Ɛebd Rreḥman. Ɣef waya, mlalen-d akk yimeqqranen n tejmaɛt d terfiqin anagar At Ḥaba d Wat Ɛebd Rreḥman, ttuɣ-iten deg temnaḍt n Yinuɣisen, anagar ixemmasen i d-yeqqimen ad lethun d wakal, maca ur sɛin ara awal-nsen deg tejmaɛt. Deg tagara, teffeɣ-d tejmaɛt s yiwen n lkaɣeḍ n beṭṭu d amaynut, yetteddu s yiwen n wunniḍ n bu 12. At Ḥaba d Wat Ɛebd Rreḥman ur ɛlimen ara s ubeddel-a almi zrin 13 n yiseggasen. Deg useggas n 1925 yusa-d yiwen seg yimeqqranen n At Ɛebd Rreḥman, yufa-d akal-nnes yeṭṭef-it uɣurar, mi inuda ad yefhem, nnan-as yixemmasen-is aman n zik ruḥen, beddlen beṭṭu n tiram deg 1912, maca d ayen ifut-it lḥal.
Ma d wiyaḍ qqaren belli neqsen waman deg tala, aṭas i iḥuz uɣurar, ladɣa wid n wunniḍ n 28. Ssawḍen yimeqqranen n tejmaɛt ɣer yiwet n tifrat ara ten-yessufɣen seg uɣurar, ad rren unniḍen ukk ɣef 12, unniḍen yellan ddaw n 12, (8 d 9) rnan-asen lensab s wazal ara awḍen 12, ma d wid yellan nnig n 12, ( 16, 20, 24 d 28) sneqsen-asen lensab s wazal ara awḍen 12, ma d wid n 12 yakan, qqimen akken llan ur asen-rnun ur asen-sneqsen (wali tafelwit 04).
2. Asiḍen n tesmekta n waman
Beṭṭu n waman almend n tesmekta yettemgarad seg temnaḍt ɣer tayeḍt, yal yiwet s wallal i tesseqdac i beṭṭu d usiḍen, deg temnaḍt i aɣ-yerzan, llan sseqdacen tareṭṭa uɣalen ɣer tmeckudt.
Deg ugelmim n Cennawra, ɣef wayen i aɣen-d-ulsen yimɣaren, llan teddun s tarrayt yettusemrasen deg ugelmim n Tkukt tanijit; sseqdacen ayen i wumi qqaren Aqecquc, Taɣrit neɣ Tareṭṭa.
Allal-a, d asɣar yettwabḍa ɣef 04 n yimuren, yal amur yesɛa azal n 02 n leɛsur5 neɣ yesskan-ay-d tallit seg talliyin n wass; Amedday, Bufernezzayt, atg. S unamek-nniḍen, tikkelt semrasen-t d timert tafukant, tikkelt semrasen-t deg usiḍen n tesmekta n waman (wali tawleft 02, 03).
Maca, imi neqsen waman uɣalen ḍefren anagraw n usiḍen s wallal n tmeckudt i tessemras temnaḍt n Sidi Ɛuqba d temnaḍin n Zzab6Tisaɛtin titrarin ulac neɣ drus iɣer wumi llant, ɣef wakka i smersen timert tawaman.
Ɣef wayen i d-yenna M. W. HILTON-SIMPSON: « Icawiyen, llan ur xeddmen ara laman deg tsaɛtin titrarin, ur tent-xeddmen ara d allal i usiḍen n wakud n tiram i yesɛa yal amellak, acku yeshel wurar deg-sent. Ɣef wakka, semmrasen anagraw n usiḍen n wakud d aqbur nezzeh. »7
Mi ara sxedmen agelmim, ad d-mlalen wat wakal i yerza useswi, akken ad bḍan aman ilmend n umyizwer n tiram deg yila8 Asma ara d-mlalen ɣer ugelmim, itteddu-d yid-sen yiwen seg yiɛeggalen n tejmaɛt n taddart neɣ win i fernen d awkil ɣef ugelmim; yettawi-d yid-s abidun neɣ ssḍel n waman, ad d-yernu lmaɛun d amectuḥ yettwaxdem s nnḥas, yesɛa albub neɣ taneqqirt d tameẓẓyant qqaren-as tameckudt9 deg temnaḍin-nniḍen tameccult (wali tawleft 04). Imezdaɣ n Cennawra semrasen-tt amzun d tamert n waman i usiḍen n yimuren n tiram.
2.1. Allal n tmeckudt
Tmeckudt d tagdurt tamectuḥt s nnḥas, tettusexdam d tamert n waman, ssawalen-as tanest ɣer yimaziɣen n Lmerruk, xerruba deg temnaḍt n Figig, meckuda deg uɣir n Zzab, qadus deg Ɣadames (ẓer tawleft 05).
Deg lawan ara d-serrḥen i waman seg ugelmim ɣer terga yettawin ɣer tebḥirt tamenzut i yerza useswi, yessrusu uɛeggal n tejmaɛt tameckudt deg ssḍel-nni n waman s lemḥadra. Seg tama-nniḍen, yessrusu amḍan n yedɣaɣen ɣer rrif-is yettqabalen azal i yesɛa umellak-nni d imuren; deg umedya: yesɛa xemsa n tmeckadin, ad yessers xemsa n yidɣaɣen; yal tikkelt ad teɣli tmeckudt deg waman, ad yessenqes adɣaɣ, s wakka ur ittettu ur yettawi lḥeqq n yiwen ( wali tawleft 06).
2.2. Tawuri n temeckudt d usefrek n yimuren n waman
Deg unagraw-a n tmeckudt, mi ara serrḥen i waman ad lḥun, din din ad yessers uɛeggal n tejmaɛt tameckudt deg sḍel n waman, syin akkin, yal 05 n tseddadin teɣli tmeckudt deg waman, d tayyi i yettuneḥsaben d tayunt taddayt i wumi semman nnṣib. (wali tafelwit 05)
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01 tameckut = 01 n udɣaɣ = nnṣib
3. Amgired gar tiram n timert tawamant aked tfukant
3.1. Tiram n timert tafukant (tamnaḍt n Tkukt tanijit)
Asiḍen s timert tafukant yettili-d s wallal n treṭṭa, ad tt-sbedden deg wadeg iqublen iṭṭij, syin ad ssunɣen talliyin n wass deg lqaɛa, llant 04 n talliyin; Amedday10, Bu fernezzayt, Luguf, Bu tmeddit. Yal tallit tseɛa azal n snat n timmar s wakud, sin n Lɛaser s tesmekta n waman (wali tafelwit 06).
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Lɛaser: Lɛaser d tunet tunnigt n beṭṭu ilmen-d n tesmekta, yesɛa azal n 02 n timar.
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Taxerrubt: Taxerrubt11 d tunet taddayt n beṭṭu n waman ilmend n tesmekta, tettwaḥsab d amur wis 16 seg lɛaser, tettaṭṭaf azal n 7,5 n tsedadin. Maca, azal n tesmekta-a yettemgarad seg temnaḍt ɣer tayeḍt, d ayen ara nwali ɣer sdat.
3.2. Tiram n timert tawamant (tamnaḍt n Cennawra)
Ma yella d asiḍen s timert tawamant, yettili-d s wallal n tmeckudt, i d-yettawin azal n dderj (05 n tseddadin) akken ad teɣli deg waman, i aɣen-d-yettaken ayen i wumi qqaren Nnṣib.
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Rrbeɛ : Rrbeɛ d tunet tunnigt n beṭṭu ilmend n tesmekta, yesɛa azal n 32 n lensab.
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Nnṣib : D tayunt taddayt n usiḍen, yesɛa azal n 05 n tseddadin, maca deg temnaḍin-nniden yesɛa 15 n tseddadin (At Freḥ).
Tafelwit 07 d asemgired gar tiram n yal timert.
Tawleft 01. Agelmim n Cennawra
Aɣbalu: tawleft s ɣer yimyura n umagrad
Azenziɣ 01. Timnaḍin i yeṭṭef ugelmim n Cennawra
Aɣbalu : azenziɣ s ɣer yimyura n umagrad
Tawleft 02. asiḍen n tesmekta n waman s wallal n treṭṭa
Aɣbalu: tawleft s ɣer yimyura n umagrad.
Tawleft 03. Timert tafukant
Aɣbalu: tawleft s ɣer yimyura n umagrad.
Tawleft 04. Tawleft n sin n yimɣaren, skanayen-d tarrayt n usiḍen n wakud s Tmeckudt deg temnaḍt n At Freḥ deg useggas n 1920.
Aɣbalu: HILTON-SIMPSON, Among the Hillffolk of Algeria , Journeys among the Shawia of the Aures mountains, 1921, 44.
Tawleft 05. Tameckudt neɣ Tameccult
Aɣbalu : Tawleft seg ugraw n Facbook Beni ferah ain zaatout, https://colibris.link/foE0c
Tawleft 06. Tawleft tettbeyyin-d tarrayt n useqdec n tmeckut s ɣur uɛeggal i tefren tejmaɛt.
Aɣbalu: Tawleft yessuneɣ-itt mass M.L.Boussekar s usalel n uselkim d MediBang Paint pro. Version 2022.
Tawleft 07. Timert tafukant
Aɣbalu: s ɣer yimyura n umagrad, s usalel n Microsoft Word 2010
Tawleft 08. Timert tawamant
Aɣbalu: s ɣer yimyura n umagrad, s usalel n Microsoft Word 2010
Tafelwit 01. Tafelwit n tikli n wunniḍen
Aɣbalu: tafelwit s ɣer yimyura n umagrad, s usalel n Microsoft Word 2010
Tafelwit 02. Tafelwit n tiram n wass
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Uṭṭun n terfiqt |
Tirfiqin i yerza nnub n wass ( srid seg uɣbalu) |
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1 |
At Zekri |
Sesswayen d imenza |
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2 |
At Seɛdun |
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3 |
At Salem |
Sesswayen d ineggura |
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4 |
At Ɛebd Rreḥman |
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Aɣbalu: tafelwit s ɣer yimyura n umagrad, s usalel n Microsoft Word 2010
Tafelwit 03. Tafelwit n umyizwer n temnaḍin ilmend n uzref n usemres n waman
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Uṭṭun n ugelmam ilmend n umsizwer |
Isem n ugelmam |
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Timrebbeɛt |
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Ixef n waddar |
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Ajdayen |
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Tiɣezza |
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Tamxaleft |
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Rrken |
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Imektren |
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Ubekku |
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Bu Ɛrus |
Aɣbalu: tafelwit s ɣer yimyura n umagrad, s usalel n Microsoft Word 2010
Tafelwit 04. Abeddel n wunniḍen ɣef 12
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Unniḍ |
Azal n lensab ± |
Unniḍ |
Azal n lensab ± |
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8 |
8 |
+ 4 |
12 |
20 |
20 |
˗ 8 |
12 |
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9 |
9 |
+ 3 |
21 |
˗ 9 |
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10 |
+2 |
22 |
˗ 10 |
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11 |
+ 1 |
23 |
˗ 11 |
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12 |
12 |
+ 0 |
12 |
24 |
24 |
˗ 12 |
12 |
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13 |
˗ 1 |
25 |
˗ 13 |
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14 |
˗ 2 |
26 |
˗ 14 |
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15 |
˗ 3 |
27 |
˗ 15 |
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16 |
16 |
˗ 4 |
12 |
28 |
28 |
˗ 16 |
12 |
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17 |
˗ 5 |
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18 |
˗ 6 |
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19 |
˗ 7 |
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Aɣbalu: tafelwit s ɣer yimyura n umagrad, s usalel n Microsoft Word 2010
Tafelwit 05. Tafelwit-a tesskan-d timeckadin d wayen i tent-id-yettqabalen d akud.
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Azal n tmuckudt |
Azal s wakud |
Isem-nnes |
Tabadut |
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D tayunt taddayt n usiḍen, yesɛa azal n 05 n tseddadin, maca deg temnaḍin-nniden, am At Freḥ, yesɛa 15 n tseddadin. |
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02 n tmeckadin |
10 n tseddadin |
Lbart |
D azal n sin n lenṣab |
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04 n tmeckadin |
20 n tseddadin |
Tatunsit |
D azal n 04 n lensab |
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08 n tmeckadin |
40 n tseddadin |
Taxerrubt |
D azgen n ttmen neɣ d azal n 08 n lenṣab |
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16 n tmeckadin |
01 timer d 20 n tseddadin |
Ttmen |
D azgen n Rrbeɛ neɣ d azal n 16 n lensab |
|
32 n tmeckadin |
02 timar 40 n tseddadin |
Rrbeɛ |
D tayunt tunnigt n usiḍen, yesɛa azal n 32 n lensab |
Aɣbalu: tafelwit s ɣer yimyura n umagrad, s usalel n Microsoft Word 2010
Tafelwit 06. Tiram n timert tafukant
|
Tallit |
Akud |
Tasmekta n waman |
|
Amedday |
08 :00 – 10 :00 |
02 n leɛsur |
|
Bu fernezzayt |
10 :00 – 12 :00 |
02 n leɛsur |
|
Luquf |
12 :00 – 14 :00 |
02 n leɛsur |
|
Bu tmeddit |
14 :00 – 16 :00 |
02 n leɛsur |
Aɣbalu: tafelwit s ɣer yimyura n umagrad, s usalel n Microsoft Word 2010
Tafelwit 07. Tafelwit-a d asemgired gar tiram n yal timert.
|
Timert tafukant ( Tkukt tanijit) |
Timert tawamant ( Cennawra) |
||
|
Azal n temsekta |
Azal-nnes s wakud |
Azal n temsekta |
Azal-nnes s wakud |
|
Lɛaser |
2 n timar |
Rrbeɛ |
2 n timar 40 n tseddadin |
Aɣbalu: tafelwit s ɣer yimyura n umagrad, s usalel n Microsoft Word 2010
Tagrayt
Mi d-neglem inagrawen-a n useswi deg temnaḍt n Cennawra d Tkukt tanijit, banen-aɣ-d sin n yinagrawen yeqqnen ɣer tgemmi tawamant n Wawras; anagraw n tmuckudt (timert tawamant) akked d unagraw n treṭṭa (timert tafukant). Sin n yinagrawen-a mgaraden deg wallal yettusemrasen ama deg usiḍen n wakud ama deg usiḍen n tesmekta n waman.
Tigemmi-a tawamant, ass-a tettwali amihi n nnger d jellu deg temnaḍin-a n Wawras, ɣas ulama neɛreḍ ad neḍfer tisigar i d-yugran deg wannar ama s tdiwennit d yimsulɣa, ama s usalel n warret iqburen yuran, maca abeddel n yinagrawen-a neɣ jellu-nsen yettili-d almend n tegnatin d tmental yemgaraden.
Timental n umutti12 seg unagraw n useswi ɣer wayeḍ, yettili-d ama s ubeddel n wallal n usefrek d usiḍen n tesmekta n waman (timert tatrart), ama s usihrew n uzeṭṭa awaman. Aqaɛed neɣ aɛawed n usileɣ n yinegrawen-a n useswi, yettili-d yal tikkelt ur yetteddu ara deg-s kra n unagraw d tegnit, neɣ ahat yuɣal d aqbur yeǧǧa-t lḥal.
Ihi, yettbeddil kra n unagraw awaman simal izerri wakud akken ad iwulem tignatin, yal tikkelt yettuqaɛad almend n yiswiren itikniken, inmetteyyen, tiwetlin tiwamanin d yinezwa, akken daɣen i yezmer ad ibeddel almend n wannaw n yiɣbula, anerni n usemres n waman, annaw n tuẓẓuyt, atg.
Yal anagraw awaman yeddren, yettbeddil yal tikkelt almend n yisugam yellan, akken ad yeddu d tegnit, ad iwulem tarrayt n usemres n waman. Maca, igmuḍen n ubeddel n yiknan-a d useggem-nsen, igellu-d s wugur d ameqqran yerzan azemz n tadra-nsen neɣ melmi i d-banen, ɣef waya, ilaq ad nnadi ɣef umezruy anmetti d umezruy atikniki n unagraw-a, acku abeddel n yiknan d umhaz-nsen, yettuneḥsab d aferdis agejdan n umezruy n unagraw awaman.