Agzul

Isem n umdan d ayen i yesɛan azal ameqqran deg tudert, iseɛɛu-t yal amdan segmi ara d-ilal alarmi tekfa tudert-is. Deg umagrad-a ad d-nawi awal ɣef yismawen n yimdanen (ismiddnen) d tmukrist n wamek i d-yettili ufran n yisem i ugrud deg temnaḍt n ugafa n Sṭif, amedya n snat n tɣiwanin : At wartiran akked At cbana, ad neg tasastant akken ad nadi ad d-naf dacu-ten yiskaren yemxalafen n ufran n yismawen i yimdanen deg temnaḍt-a, imi akken neẓra afran n yisem ur d-yettili ara kan akka maca tigawt-a n usemmi n yimdanen tezmer ad tesken aṭas n tɣawsiwin i icudden ɣer kra n tmetti, ama dayen yerzan idles, tasreḍt, tutlayt… rnu ɣer waya ad nadi ṣef yiskaren iqdimen n usemmi i yellan yakan deg tmetti ma mazal-iten neɣ ruḥen jlan.

Awalen isura

ismidden, iskaren n usemmi, tasnisemt, tasmiddent, afran n yismidden.

Tazwart

Seg zik, deg yal timetti deg umaḍal, iseɛɛu umdan isem, i aɣ-yettaǧǧan ad t-neɛqel, ad t-nessemgired gar yimdanen-nniḍen, ama di twacult, di taddart, deg uɣerbaz atg. D isem i irennun ɣef yisem n twacult i t-icerken akked yimawlan-is, d wayetma-s akked lejdud-is.

Isem-a d win i ferrnen yimawlan i warraw-nsen mi ara d-lalen, maca ahat d win i d-heyyan send talalit-is s wussan, tikwal s wayyuren neɣ s yiseggasen, d isem ɣef xemmen uqbel, aya merra ilmend n waṭas n tewtilin d tegnatin ara ten-yeǧǧen ad t-fernen ɣef wiyaḍ, ɣef waya anagraw asnisman n kra n tmetti d lemri i aɣ-d-yeskanyen amek ttidiren yimdanen, amek ttxemmimen, ɣer wanta tasreḍt i sɛan assaɣ, dacu d idles-nsen atg.

Tikci n yisem i umdan tcudd ɣer waṭas n tmental, deg umahil-a ad nadi ɣef yiberdan i ttawin yimawlan deg tikci n yismawen i tarwa-nsen, deg temnaḍt n ugafa n Sṭif, imi yal yiwen dacu d axemmem i yesɛa deg tudert, yal amdan dacu i iḥemmel, leḥmala-nni tettbin-d deg waṭas n tlufa, gar-asent ismawen n yigerdan. Deg usatal-a Haddadou yenna:

« Ma yella isem yeskanay-d kra n umdan, yessemgirid-it ɣef yimendiden-is, maca yettili daɣen d amatar n wayen i nebɣa ad d-nessenɛet yes-s (isem-nni) ».1

Deg umahil-a ad neɛreḍ ad d-nerr ɣef yiseqsiyen-a:

• Γef wacu ttsenniden yimawlan ugar mi ara fernen isem i ugrud?

• Ma yella mazal yettili-d usemmi s yismiddnen i yellan si zik deg temnaḍt-a neɣ asemmi yettili-d s yismiddnen imaynuten.

Deg unadi n tririt ɣef yiseqsiyen-a nezmer ad nefk kra n turdiwin:

• Deg usemmi n yimdanen deg temnaḍt-a, imawlan ttuɣalen ɣer waṭas n yiskaren, ama d iskaren yellan seg zik neɣ iskaren i d-ibanen deg tallit-a taneggarut.

• Imawlan ttaken azal i yisem ara fernen i dderya-nsen.

• Ismiddnen i yellan zik deg temnaḍt-a jellun kra kra, ṭṭfen idgan-nsen yismiddnen imaynuten.

1. Tagmert n yinefkan

Asentel n leqdic yerza srid imezdaɣ n temnaḍt-a, ɣef waya akken ad nessiweḍ ɣer yiswi n tifin n yiberdan n usemmi n yimdanen deg temnaḍt-a, nheyya-d yiwen n umsastan deg-s iseqsiyen i nwala ad aɣ-ssiwḍen ɣer yiswi-nneɣ, nefreq-it ɣef wazal n 16 N twaculin (neẓra dakken 16 N yimsastanen drus, maca nezmer ad d-nawi yes-sen tikti tamatut ɣef yiberdan n tikci n yismawen deg temnaḍt-a), Leɛmer n wid i nesseqsa yella gar 35 N yiseggasen alma d 65 N yiseggasen, rnu ur ten-nextar ara ilmend n kra.

Negmer-d 48 N yismawen, gar-asen 26 N warrac, 22 N teqcicin.

1. Ismawen n lwacul : Farouk, Youcef, Ayoub (2), Anes, Rachid, Oussama, Adam (3), Wail, Tayeb, Omar, Okba, Aladdine, Saifddine, Monsef, Samy, Abdelhai, Aris, Aksel, Youmer, Sadek, Youba, Akram, Fateh.

2. Ismawen n teqcicin : Dounia, Qaqou Aya, Assinaf, Anfal, Hiba Fatima, Aridj, Maria, Alicia, Nadine, Lina, Sarra (2), Rania, Sirina, Hadjer, Dehya, Dounia, Khaoula, Maroua, Hadil, Nihal.

2. Iferdisen n teẓri d yigemmaḍ n umahil

2.1. Tasnisemt

Deg tesnilet tazrawt tettili-d ɣef wawalen n yiwet n tutlayt, ama d ismawen, d imyagen, d iferdisen n tjerrumt… tettili-d tezrwat-nsen, ama deg wayen yerzan talɣa-nsen, ama deg wayen yerzan anamek-nsen, akked wassaɣen i yellan gar-asen, neɣ daɣen amek i d-yettili ususru-nsen. Maca yiwet n taggayt deg wawalen-a, yella yiwen n uneḍfar i d-ilehhun d tezrawt-nsen ; awalen-a nettsemmi-asen ismawen imaẓlayen, aneḍfar i d-ilehhun d tezrawt-nsen d tasnisemt. Amusnaw A. Dauzat yenna :

« Tasnisemt d anadi ufrin n tegmuẓar n yismawen imaẓlayen, d tafurkect n tesnawalt, i d-ilehhun d tezrawt n yismawen imaẓlayen : tagmuẓar-nsen, asileɣ-nsen, d useqdec-nsen deg tutlayin d tmettiyin »²

Anamek-is dakken tasnisemt tettnadi ɣef wayen merra i as-d-yezzin i yisem amaẓlay, ama d tagmuẓar-is, seg wanta tutlayt i d-yefrari yisem-a ? ladɣa ma neẓra dakken deg tmurt-nneɣ, yella-d unermis d ameqqran gar tutlayin ɣef teɣZI n umezruy, akked usileɣ-is, imi ismawen n yimdanen ttbeddilen talɣa, seg tmetti ɣer tayeḍ, neɣ daɣen seg tallit ɣer tayeḍ.

Isem “Tasnisemt’yuddes s snat n tayunin : tussna + isem, tasnisemt d tussna i izerrwen ismawen imaẓlayen ama d ismawen n yimdanen akked wayen i icudden ɣur-sen, ama d ismawen n yidgan akken llant taggayin-is. J. Dubois d wiyaḍ nnan-d :

« Tasnisemt d aḥric deg tesnawalt, tzerrew tadra n yismawen imaẓlayen. Tazrawt-a tebḍa ɣef sin n yiḥricen : tismiddent i yerzan ismawen n yimdanen, akked tesmidegt i yerzan ismawen n yidgan. »3

Ɣas akken timuɣliwin ɣef tmiḍrant-a n tesnisemt temgarad gar yimusnawen, Hamek yenna : « kra n yimusnawen am Brunot, deg « Axemmem d tutlayt »⁴, qqaren-d dakken tasnisemt tzerrew kan ismawen n yimdanen ; maca kra-nniḍen am Marouzeau, deg « Amawal n tesniremt tasnilsant »⁵, yessegraw-d deg yisem-a tasnisemt, tazrawt n yismawen n yimdanen akked yismawen n yidgan s taggayin-is yemxalafen »⁶

Tasnisemt d yiwet n tussna tilemẓit, tban-d ɣer taggara n tasut tis 19, tesɛa assaɣ akked waṭas n tussniwin-nniḍen, (tarakalt, tasenzikt, amezruy, tussna n tmetti…) tettawi-d ɣur-sent tarrayin s wacu tezmer ad tesleḍ ismawen imaẓlayen, ɣas akken tarrayin tigejdanin ɣef ters tesnisemt d tarrayin n tesnilest. Deg wayen yerzan tizrawin timezwura n tesnisemt yemmugen deg tmurt-nneɣ, ttuɣalent ɣer yiseggasen ineggura n tasut tis 20, anda bdan yimassanen n tesnilest ttarran lwelha-nsen ɣer taggayt-a n yismawen yellan deg tutlayt, ma yella d tizrawin n tesnisemt deg taɣult n tmaziɣt uqant maḍi. Tidjet yenna deg waya : « ɣas akken tizrawin n tesnilest tamaziɣt nnernant deg yiseggasen-a ineggura, maca mazal xussent deg wayen yerzan taɣult n yismawen imaẓlayen »7 ɣas akken iseggasen-a ineggura bdan wid i iqeddcen deg taɣult n tesnilest tamaziɣt ttgen tizrawin ɣef tesnisemt tamaziɣt, maca mazal leqdic ilaq ad ikemmel, acku aṭas n wayen i mazal yesra ad tili fell-as tezrawt.

2.2. Tasmiddent

Tasmiddent d yiwen n uḥric ameqqran deg tesnisemt, d awal yuddsen s sin n walɣacen. Camproux. CH « anthropos » ‘amdan’akked « nymie » ‘isem’telha-d d yismiddnen, ismawen n twaculin (tinekwiwin) akked tselfas »8 d yiwen n uneḍfar i irennun ɣer tesmidegt akken ad aɣ-d-fken tasnisemt, tussna n yismawen imaẓlayen.

Tasmident ur d-telhi ara kan d yismawen n yimdanen akked yismawen n twaculin maca telha-d daɣen d taggayin-nniḍen n yismawen imaẓlayen i seɛɛun yimdanen. Tidjet (2013: 23) yenna:

« tafurkect tis snat d tasmiddent, i izerrwen ismawen imaẓlayen n yimdanen, ama d ismiddnen neɣ d ismawen n twaculin, am wakken i d-telha d tselfas ama d les hypocoristiques i ucekker i d-yekkan seg yismiddnen neɣ d les sobriquets i yettilin s umata i ucemmet n umdan i umi nessawal »9

Am wakken i tezmer tesmident ad tili d lemri neɣ d amatar s wacu nezmer ad negzu ugar ayen yellan deg kra n tmetti. Haddadou yenna-d:

« Tasmiddent tesɛa azal ameqqran deg tmusni n tudert n kra n uɣref, n yidles-is akked umezruy-is, tettili daɣen d amatar n uzerrer utlayan d udelsan d tesreḍt i d-yettilin ɣef uɣref deg teɣZI n umezruy-is »10.

3. Ismidden

Ismidden d isem n umdan i nesseqdac akken ad d-nessken amdan-nni iman-is kan deg ugraw (tawacult, taddart, lɛerc) akken ad t-nefrez ɣef wiyaḍ. Haddadou yenna: « Ma yella tanekwa (isem n twacult) nwerret-itt, isem n umdan d tikci i aɣ-d-yettunefk »11.

Deg waya terna-d Yermeche

« nettsemmi i umdan s yisem (ismidden), nettak-as-t seg tlalit-is, nɛeqqel-it yes-s deg uẓar-is (tawacult-is) i yesɛan isem daɣen, isem n ubabat amenzu n twacult »12

Tettkemmil deg waya :

« deg twacult tameẓẓyant, amdan amaziɣ am tuget n tmettiyin, neskanay-it-id s yimidden i as-nettak s umata mi ara d-ilal (Amokrane, Ameziane, Meddour, Idir, Ziri, Akli, Massinissa, Yugurtha, Tamilla, tassekourt… s yisem n ucekker neɣ s yisem n ucemmet am Rebouh Hsissen, Bezzi, Mimi, Fatim… »¹³.

3.1. Tikci n yismidden

Tikci n yisem i ugrud, keccment-d deg-s kra n tewtilin, d tmental i yettaǧǧan imawlan ad zzin, ad ɛiwden deg ufran n yisem i mmi-tsen, tikwal tikci n yisem i ugrud tbeddu s waṭas n wayyuren send talalit-is, aya merra deg yiswi n tikci n yisem yelhan i llufan ara d-ilalen, isem ara t-yeǧǧen ad yidir akken yelha deg tmetti, gar yimeddukal-is deg uɣerbaz, neɣ deg taddart anda yezdeɣ. Haddadou yenna :

« yettili (ismidden) d taɣawsa i nferren, maca afran-a icudd ɣer waṭas n tmental, deg kra n twaculin ttɛawaden asemmi ɣef widak i yemmuten (deg twacult, neɣ d kra n wudem yettwassnen) deg yiswi n useɣzef n waktayen-nsen, tikwal ferrnen isem ara iḥudden ɣef ugrud-nni, tikwal-nniḍen fernnen isem yettwassnen deg tallit-nni, neɣ ɣef kra n tmental n uxemmem ferrnen isem ɣef wayeḍ, rnu ɣer waya ismiddnen i icudden ɣer tesreḍt neɣ ɣer tumast, ma nefka-d kan d amedya deg tmurt n lmerruk akked Lezzayer ladɣa, anda nettaf ismawen imaziɣen »¹⁴

Ad negzu deg waya dakken aṭas n yiskaren n ufran n yismiddnen i ttawin yimawlan deg usemmi n tarwa-nsen, ladɣa imi d-yella ubeddel ameqqran deg wamek tettidir tmetti seg zik ar tura.

Ayen ɣef wacu nezmer daɣen ad d-nemmeslay deg temsalt-a n tikci n yismidden, d anwa i yettsemmin deg twacult? Deg unadi i nga, deg tiririt ɣef useqsi-ya nufa-d:

12 n twaculin nnant-d dakken yella-d umtawa gar-asen deg ufran n yismawen i tarwa-nsen.

2 N twaculin nnant-d d yiwen kan i tt-igezmen deg rray amek ara isemmi.

2 N twaculin nnant-d belli asemmi yella-d sɣur iɛeggalen-nniḍen n twacult (lejdud n ugrud-nni)

Ma nmuqel ɣer yigemmaḍ i d-nufa deg tsastant i nga, ad nwali dakken imawlan ttmuddun azal i usemmi n tarwa-nsen, imi akken nettwali yettili-d umtawa d uxemmem gar-asen, imi ḥsan s wayen i d-yessegray yisem ɣef tarwa-nsen deg tudert.

3.2. Tisekta n yismidden (Tulmisin n yismidden)

3.2.1. Ismidden d tnefsit n umdan

« Ulac ayen s wacu nezmer ad nesnekwu amdan ugar n yismidden neɣ isem n twacult (tanekwa) » i yenna Benremdane.15

Ismidden ihi d aferdis amezwaru n tumast, ɣef waya ur d-yewwi ara ad nɣiwel deg ufran-is mi ara nsemmi i walbaɛḍ. Am wakken daɣen i iseɛɛu yismidden yiwet n tzamulit, anda i nezmer ad d-nemmekti aṭas n tɣawsiwin mi ara d-nebder kra n yismidden, yezmer daɣen yisem n umdan ad yebnu, ad izerrer timanit (tanefsit) n umdan; imi acḥal d amdan i yuɣalen yettseḍhi, yettarra iman-is deg rrif ɣef sebba n yisem i yesɛa, isem i izemren ad yili ahat d aqdim ur yeddi ara d tallit-nni, neɣ d lɛib, yezmer daɣen tikwal d isem n uqcic yettusemma ɣef teqcict neɣ anemgal n waya.16

Imusnawen n tnefsit qqaren dakken ismidden ara nefren akken yelha i umdan, yettekkay seg temẓi deg unegmu n tmanit-is, mačči daya kan i yesnernawen tanefsit n umdan maca anect-a yeṭṭef amur ameqqran. Halff yenna: « s yisem-is i iseɛɛu umdan tilin tamitafiziqt d tenmettit »¹⁷ meḥsub s yisem-nni yezmer ad yeṭṭef amḍiq yelhan deg tmetti.

Yezmer daɣen ad yili yidis-a n tnefsit i iseɛɛu yisem ɣef umdan, i yeǧǧan aṭas n yismawen i yellan zik deg temnaḍt n At wartiran (annar n tezrawt) ur ten-nettaf ara ass-a s tuget ɣer yilemẓiyen, imi ɣur-sen yeǧǧa-ten wakud, ur ddin ara d lweqt, ayen i d-yettaǧǧan uguren i ugrud deg tmetti.

Deg tsastant i nga, nesseqsa imawlan ma yella ssnen anamek n yismawen s wacu semman igerdan-nsen:

Deg 16 N yimsestanen i nga, anagar yiwen i d-yennan ‘Ala’15 N yimsestanen-nniḍen tella-d tririt-nsen s ‘ih’.

Nesseqsa-ten daɣen ma yella xemmen uqbel ɣef yismawen s wacu ara semmin igerdan-nsen: 16 N yimsestanen i nga tella-d tririt fell-asen s’ih’.

Imawlan ẓran tamentelt n usemmi n yal yiwen gar tarwa-nsen s yisem-nni i yesɛa: 16 N yimsestanen i nga tella-d akk tririt fell-asen s’ih’.

Deg tririt ɣef yiseqsiyen-a, ad nwali dakken imawlan ttaken azal i usemmi n yigerdan ama d anamek n yismawen-nni neɣ daɣen afran-nsen uqbel, imi nezmer ad d-nini ḥsan s wazal yesɛa yismidden deg tnefsit n ugrud ɣer sdat.

3.2.2. Ismidden d tsekta tanmettit-tadelsant n umdan

Asemmi n yimdanen nezmer ad t-nkenni ɣer lemri n tmetti i izemren ad yettwaḥaz s waṭas n tegnatin d tmental (tasertit, amezruy, idles, allalen n taywalt…) acku mi ara nwali kan ismawen n yimdanen n kra n tmetti, ad d-ibin deg-sen: dacu-tt tutlayt i ttmeslayen, tasreḍt i ṭṭafaren, kra n leɛwayed sɛan atg. Ɣef waya i d-nenna isem amaẓlay (ismidden) yesɛa aḥric d ameqqran deg tumast n umdan. Akin yenna deg usatal-a:

« ismiddnen i d-yettbinen s wudem anmetti, adelsan d unmezray, ur d-skanayen ara kan ayen tesɛa tumast d imataren n yizri, n yimir-a akked yimal : bennun tumast s timmad-is ».¹⁸

4. Iskaren (iberdan) n ufran n yismidden

Aṭas n yiberdan i yettilin deg ufran n yismidden, aya yettuɣal ɣer tegnatin deg wacu i d-tekker twacult, ama d tutlayt, tasreḍt, leɛwayed, idles, tasnekta… Deg tallit yezrin asemmi n yimdanen deg tuget-is yettili meḥsub s yiwen n ubrid neɣ ma yella aṭas s sin, rnu cudden aṭas ɣer tegnatin tidelsanin d tenmettiyin, ma nefka-d kan amedya n usemmi n ugrud ɣef yisem n yiwen n uɛeggal yemmuten deg twacult, maca ass-a ibeddel wamek tettidir tmetti tamaziɣt (taqbaylit) ɣef waya beddlen yid-s yiberdan n usemmi n yimdanen.

4.1. Azerrer n tesreḍt

Seg zik imezdaɣ n tmurt n Leqbayel s umata (gar-asen wid n temnaḍt n ugafa n Sṭif) ttaken azal i tesreḍt (tineslemt), ɣef waya afran n yismiddnen i icudden ɣer ddin ineslem, ama d ismawen n yimceyyɛen, neɣ ismawen n widak yellan ɣer tama-nsen, s talɣiwin-nsen yemxalafen yella acḥal-aya. Ɣas akken ɣef teɣZI n wakud yettili-d ubeddel deg talɣiwin n yismiddnen yugten seg tallit ɣer tayeḍ, imi deg tallit-a taneggarut aṭas n yismiddnen i icudden ɣer tesreḍt, maca sɛan talɣa-nniḍen i yemgaraden ɣef tidak yellan deg talliyin yezrin.

Anekcum s tuget n tesreḍt ɣer tmetti yeǧǧa imdanen ad rnun ad nadin ugar ɣef yismiddnen imaynuten i yesɛan assaɣ d tesreḍt, maca ur semman ara yes-sen imdanen s waṭas, dayen i yeǧǧan talalit n yismiddnen i d-yettwakksen seg Leqran d amedya am: Aya, Kawtar, Salsabil…

Deg tsastant i nga nufa imezdaɣ n temnaḍt-a ferrnen abrid-a deg usemmi n yimdanen, nufa-d azal n 20 N yismawen yella-d usemmi yes-sen s ubrid-a, ama isem-nni yeskanay-d yiwen gar wudmawen n tesreḍt, d imceyyɛen, neɣ d yiwen n uɛeggal di twacult-nsen, neɣ kra i icudden ɣer tesreḍt tineslemt: Fatima, Maria, Sarra (2), Hadjer, Maroua, Youcef, Ayoub (2), Oussama, Adem (3), Okba, Aladdine, Saifddine, Abdelhai, Aya, Assinaf, Anfal, Hiba.

4.2. Anadi ɣef tumast

Deg tallit-a taneggarut, yella-d uḥulfu dakken aṭas n yimdanen i yettnadin ad d-rren acuddu-nni akked tumast-nsen, acuddu i nezmer ad d-nini deg yiwet n tallit iruḥ yehtuta, aya s usemmi n yigerdan s yismawen n wudmawen n umezruy n yimaziɣen, akked wudmawen n yimeɣnasen i inuḍḥen ɣef tutlayt d yidles n tmaziɣt. Tidjet yenna:

« tafsut n yimaziɣen 1980 teǧǧa Leqbayel ad ẓren dakken yella umezruy-nniḍen n tmurt n Lezzayer, Amezruy-nsen, ayen i ten-yeǧǧan ad d-skeflen ismiddnen i yeqqimen ffren acḥal d aseggas-aya ɣer deffir, amedya Massinissa »19

S tigawt-a yettuɣal-d ucuddu-nni akked tumast tamaziɣt, rnu ɣer waya azal ameqqran ara yesɛu ugrud, mi ara yeddem isem n yiwen gar yigelliden neɣ imeɣnasen i d-yeǧǧan isem-nsen deg umezruy n tmaziɣt deg tefriqt ugafa s umata. Nait-Zerrad yenna deg waya:

« Iban-d deg tallit n wass-a ubrid i ferrnen yimaziɣen deg tikci n yismiddnen yesɛan tadra tamaziɣt, acku ttxemmimen dakken annect-a d amatar ijehden n tumast »20.

Ɣas akken deg tsastant i nga maci aṭas i yewwin abrid-a deg usemmi n tarwa-nsen, maca yella-d usemmi ɣef yiwen gar wudmawen n umezruy-nneɣ, neɣ tutlayt tamaziɣt. Nufa-d azal 5 N yismawen: Youba, Dihya, Aris, Aksel, Youmer. Nezmer ad d-nini imezdaɣ n temnaḍt-a n ugafa n Sṭif yebda yettuɣal-asen-d ucuddu-nni ɣer tumast, aya yettbin-d deg yismawen n yimdanen i ferrnen deg usemmi.

4.3. Azerrer n wayen umi nettsemmi ‘la mode

Gar yiberdan imaynuten n usemmi n yimdanen i d-ibanen deg tallit-a taneggarut, d afran n yisem ur nugit ara s waṭas deg taddart neɣ tamdint anda d-yekker ugrud-nni, imawlan beɣɣun ad d-yifrir mmi-tsen iman-is gar wiyaḍ s yisem ara as-fken, ɣef waya ttnadin isem amaynut ur nelli ara yakan, ɣas akken deg temsalt-a ttaken azal ugar i temsiselt d talɣa n yisem d wamek ara t-id-nessusru, ugar n unamek-is akked tadra ansa i d-yekka. Deg usatal-a Philippe Besnard et Guy Desplanques nnan : « anagraw n wayen umi nettsemmi la mode icudd ugar ɣer yimesli (tamsiselt) wala ɣer unamek n yismawen neɣ ɣer tegmuẓar-nsen… »²¹

Deg tririt n wid i nesseqsa amek almi fernen asemmi s yismawen-a, nnan-d : « nettwali-ten cebḥen, ddan d lweqt n tura », tikwal sɛan tanmeɣrut gar-asen (ismawen n yigerdan n yiwet n twacult) nufa-d deg taggayt-a azal n 17 N yismawen : Lina, Rania, Sirina, Khaoula, Dounia (2), Alicia, Nadine, Hadil, Anes, Wail, Monsef, Samy, Akram, Fateh, Aridj, Nihad.

4.4. Afran n yisem d lebɣi n yiwen n umdan

Afran n yismidden yezmer ad yili ilmend n lebɣi n yiwen gar yimawlan n ugrud, neɣ yiwen gar yiɛeggalen n twacult-nni (tawacult tameqqrant) yezmer ad fernen kra n yisem imi yella ugrud yakan ssnen-t yesɛa isem-nni, yeɛjeb-asen (yeḥrec, yecbeḥ, …) Rnu ɣer waya azerrer ameqqran n wallalen n taywalt (tiliẓri, internet, isura) ladɣa aseqdec n yiẓeḍwa inmettiyen i d-ibanen s tuget deg tmetti deg yiseggasen-a ineggura, ayen i yeǧǧan ad d-tili tlalit n yismiddnen imaynuten ur nelli ara yakan deg tmetti, am yismiddnen i d-ttawin seg tliẓriyin n yigerdan (Toyour Ljanna) neɣ iwudam n yisura n tmura n Surya d Turk akked Lmiksik…

4.5. Ansayen iɣerfanen n tmetti

Ɣas akken aṭas n leɛwayed d wansayen i iruḥen, ulac-iten ass-a deg tmetti, maca deg taɣult-a n tesnisemt mazal nettaf-d kra seg-sen, skanayen-d amek i d-yettili uxemmem deg tmetti. Ma nefka-d kan amedya, tikwal ferrnen isem seld mi ara yargu yiwen kra n targit (s umata d tayemmat n ugrud i yettargun dakken mmi-s ilaq ad as-tsemmi s yisem-nni). Yettili-d daɣen usemmi s yisem n yiwen n uɛeggal yemmuten deg twacult (d ababat, d tayemmat, d jeddi-s n yiwen neɣ d setti-s…) aya deg yiswi n usmekti d ḥeyyu n wayen yelhan deg umdan-nni, akken ad yili dima yedder deg twacult ɣas yemmut, aṭas n wid i yettgen annect-a amzun d tajmilt. Nettaf-d daɣen ansayen-nniḍen yerzan asemmi, am ufran n yisem ara iḥerzen agrud-nni seg tmettant (imi igerdan imezwura i d-yettlalen ttemttaten) iswi n usemmi s yismawen am: Yidir, Akli, Taklit, Ɛica, Yeḥya, Latamen, Aɛrab, Berkahoum, Ouachia… dakken lmut ur tettqerrib ara ɣer win i ten-yesɛan.

Deg tsastant i nga, nufa-d mazal imawlan ferrnen abrid-a deg usemmi n tarwa-nsen, nufa-d azal n 06 N yismawen: Sadek, Omar, Tayeb, Qaqou, Farouk, Rachid.

Iberdan n ufran n yisem

Ad nwali deg udlif-a amek i d-banen yiberdan n usemmi i fernen yimawlan deg usemmi n tarwa-nsen deg tsastant i nga, yettbin-d dakken abrid i yeṭṭfen amḍiq amezwaru, d win n usemmi ɣef kra i icudden ɣer tesreḍt tineslemt s wazal n 42 %, syin deg umḍiq wis sin, llan yismawen i ttwalin yimawlan cebḥen ; d imaynuten, ddan d tallit tamirant s wazal n 35 %. Ma yella deg umḍiq wis kraḍ ad naf ismawen i yellan ɣef kra n uɛeggal yemmuten di twacult s wazal n 13 %. Asemmi ɣef wudmawen n umezruy d tumast tamaziɣt yella-d deg wadeg wis ukuẓ s wazal n 10 %, imi mazal ur yuɣ ara aẓar ubrid-a s waṭas deg temnaḍt-a.

5. Ismiddnen iqdimen n temnaḍt-a, adeg-nsen?

Deg uḥric-nniḍen n tsastant i d-yewwin ɣef tmental n jellu n yismawen iqdimen n temnaḍt-a, tuget n widak i d-yerran ɣef umsestan i nga fkan-d tiririyin-a:

• Ismawen iqdimen yellan deg temnaḍt-a uɣalen di rrif, ɣef sebba n useqdec i izaden n ttawilat n taywalt am Internet, isura n usammar neɣ n umalu, iẓeḍwa inmettiyin, akked zzwaǧ ɣer tmura tiberraniyin.

• Ismawen-nneɣ iqdimen ẓẓayit, ur ddin ara d lweqt, axaṭer ass-a amaḍal yuɣal d ameẓẓyan s taywalt, ɣef waya aqcic neɣ taqcict ass-a, ilaq ad as-tefkeḍ isem s wacu ara yeddu akked yimendiden-is deg tmetti, ma ulac ad yuɣal di rrif ɣef sebba n yisem-is (tikwal yettili-d usemmi s yismawen iqdimen maca irennu-d yisem-nniḍen yid-s MD: Qaqou Aya, (Qaqou) d isem s wacu i as-ttlaɛin kan di twacult, (Aya) deg berra, deg uɣerbaz.

• Ismawen iqdimen wwin imeḍqan-nsen yismawen imaynuten yettwassnen deg umaḍal merra, acku aṭas n yimawlan (ladɣa ilemẓiyen) ttxemmimen ad ffɣen ɣer berra n tmurt ɣef waya ttnadin ismawen ur nettili ara d ugur i tarwa-nsen.

Taggrayt

Afran n yismidden d yiwen n usentel i yellan deg tlemmast n waṭas n tegnatin n yidles, n umezruy, n tesnekta…, d yiwet n tigawt i yettbeddilen ilmend n wayen yellan deg tmetti ɣef teɣZI n wakud, dayen i aɣ-yettaǧǧan ad naf iberdan yemgaraden n usemmi n yimdanen.

Deg taggara n leqdic-a, nessaweḍ ad d-naf aṭas iberdan i ttawin yimezdaɣ n temnaḍt-a n ugafa n Sṭif (tiɣiwanin: At cbana d At wartiran) deg usemmi n yimdanen, mgaraden yiberdan-a ilmend n wayen tettidir tmetti-ya ass-a, d wayen yellan deg-s si zik.

Ilmend n wayen i nga d imsestanen, iban-d dakken abrid amezwaru i ttawin yimezdaɣ n temnaḍt-a, d afran n yismawen i icudden ɣer tesreḍt, s talɣiwin-nsen yemxalafen; xas akken tuget deg-sen d ismiddnen meḥsub ur nelli ara si zik, maca banen-d deg yiseggasen-a ineggura, sebba n waya ahat imi leɛmer n widak i nesseqsa ur meqqer ara aṭas, rnu ɣer waya azerrer ameqqran n tesreḍt deg temnaḍt-a i yettwassnen si zik s temɛemmrin d zzawaya akked kra seg yiɛeggalen n tdukla n yimusnawen izzayriyen.

Syin daɣen deg umḍiq wis sin, ferrnen imezdaɣ n temnaḍt-a ismiddnen i ttwalin ddan d tallit-a tamirant, d imaynuten, akken ur ttilin ara d ugur deg ubrid n unegmu n ugrud d tnefsit-is, akked wassaɣen-is d yiɛeggalen-nniḍen deg tmetti, imi ɛlaḥsab n wid i nesseqsa, ur zmiren ara ad fernen i tarwa-nsen ismiddnen i yettwaḥsaben d iqdimen, yeǧǧa-ten lweqt.

Rnu ɣer waya abrid n usemmi s yismawen i icudden ɣer umezruy d tutlayt tamaziɣt. seld acḥal n yiseggasen n temḥeqranit n wayen akk i icudden ɣer yidles, amezruy d tutlayt n tmaziɣt, tewweḍ-d tallit-nniḍen seld tin n umennuɣ d unaḍeḥ i usteɛref s tilin n yiferdisen n tumast tamaziɣt, gar-asen ismawen n yimdanen ɣef waya i bdan yimezdaɣ n temnaḍt-a s usemmi n tarwa-nsen s yismawen am: Aris, Aksel, Youmer, Dihya, Tinhinan, Yalas…

Aya merra yeǧǧa abrid n usemmi s yismawen iqdimen yellan deg temnaḍt-a ad yuɣal di rrif, imi ismiddnen am: Zouba, Qaqou, Bṭiṭra, Menana, Maɛa, Teldja… ruḥen jlan dayen, xas akken tikwal yettili-d usemmi yes-sen; ilmend n ubrid-nni n uskar n kra n uɛeggal di twacult, maca uqan maḍi yismawen-a deg wayen yerzan leqdic i nga deg temnaḍt-a.

Akken kan ad nekfu, nezmer ad d-nini dakken deg tallit-a n tura, tignatin deg wacu tettidir tmetti beddlent, aɛeddi seg tudert temensayt ɣer tudert tamirant/tamaynut (tawacult tameẓyant), rnu azerrer n wallalen n taywalt (isura, internet, iẓeḍwa inmettiyen…) akked unekcum ameqqran n tesreḍt deg tudert n yal ass n yimdanen, d uḥulfu s ucuddu ɣer tumast tamaziɣt taggara-yi, aya merra d timental i yeǧǧan anagraw asnisman deg temnaḍt-a ladɣa askaren n ufran n yismiddnen ad ibeddel ɣef teɣZI n yiseggasen, armi d-yewweḍ ɣer tegnit deg wacu yella ass-a.